急诊科护士职业压力分析及干预措施研究

Study on Occupational Stress Analysis and Intervention Measures of Nurses in Emergency Department

目的研究急诊科护士的职业压力状况,寻求缓解或排除其压力的方法。方法选取上海市第六人民医院急诊科的护士48名作为研究对象,采用常规心理辅导、帮助护士减轻和消除压力、提高急诊科护士的适应能力的方法进行适当干预,干预前和干预3个月后分别采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和护士职业压力源量表来客观表达急诊科护士身心受压的情况。结果干预后,急诊科护士抑郁和焦虑发生率均低于干预前(0 vs 33.33%,0 vs 22.92%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,急诊科护士SDS和SAS评分均低于干预前[(37.73±7.12)分vs (46.22±6.75)分,(32.04±4.32)分vs (44.18±6.39)分],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,急诊科护士职业压力源量表中工作环境及资源方面、患者护理方面、管理及人际关系方面的问题评分均改善,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但对于护理工作方面、工作量及时间分配的问题评分无改善,差异无统计学意(P>0.05)。结论护理管理中应充分重视应对护士的职业压力,采取合理的干预措施,营造一个融洽、和谐的工作环境,促其身心健康发展。

Objective To study the occupational stress status of nurses in emergency departments and to find ways to relieve or eliminate their stress. Methods A total of 48 nurses from the emergency department of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital were selected as subjects. They used routine psychological counseling, methods to help nurses reduce and eliminate stress, and improve the adaptability of nurses in emergency departments. Intervention before intervention and intervention for 3 months The depression self-rating scale (SDS), anxiety self-rating scale (SAS) and nurse occupational stressor scale were used to objectively express the physical and mental stress of the emergency department nurses. Results After intervention, the incidence of depression and anxiety in the emergency department nurses was lower than that before the intervention (0 vs 33.33%, 0 vs 22.92%),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After the intervention, the SDS and SAS scores of the nurses in the emergency department were lower than those before the intervention [(37.73±7.12) points vs (46.22±6.75) points,(32.04±4.32) points vs (44.18±6.39) points], the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After the intervention, the scores of work environment and resources, patient care, management and interpersonal relationship in the occupational stress source scale of the emergency department nurses improved, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), but for nursing work, there was no improvement in the scores of workload and time allocation,the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Nursing management should pay full attention to the occupational stress of nurses and take reasonable intervention measures to create a harmonious and harmonious working environment to promote the healthy development of mind and body.