环境污染对城乡收入差距的影响效应分析——理论与实证研究

Analysis of the Impact of Environmental Pollution on the Urban-rural Income Gap——Theoretical and Empirical Research

本文以2004～2017年中国省际面板数据为样本,构建跨期经济模型和面板门槛模型,从理论及实证两方面探讨环境污染对城乡收入差距的作用力。研究结果表明:基于环境的健康效应视角,环境污染显著拉大了城乡收入差距,且以SO_2排放总量和COD排放量分别作为解释变量的计量检验结果是一致的;城乡收入差距具有恶性累积的负外部性,当门槛区间值越高,即期初城乡收入越大时,环境污染对城乡收入差距的扩张效应越强;城镇化、政府行为、产业结构升级等因素也会影响城乡收入差距。因此,在均衡地区经济发展的政策制定中,政府应注重环境污染成本在城乡之间的分配及固有城乡收入差距的改善问题。

Taking the inter-provincial panel data of China from 2004 to 2017 as the sample,the intertemporal economic model and threshold panel model are constructed to explore the impact of environmental pollution on the urban-rural income gap from both theoretical and empirical perspectives.The results show that:from the perspective of environmental health effect,environmental pollution significantly widens the income gap between urban and rural areas,and the measurement test resulting of SO 2 emissions and COD emissions as explanatory variables are consistent.The urban-rural income gap has the negative externality of vicious accumulation.When the threshold interval value is higher,that is,the initial urban-rural income is higher,the effect of environmental pollution on the expansion of urban-rural income gap is significantly enhanced.Urbanization,government actions,industrial structure upgrading and other factors will also affect the urban-rural income gap.Therefore,in the policy formulation of balanced regional economic development,the government should pay attention to the distribution of environmental pollution costs between urban and rural areas and the improvement of the inherent urban-rural income gap.