西北干旱区乡村聚落分布格局特征及影响因素

Spatial pattern characteristics and influencing factors of rural settlements in arid area of northwest of China

【目的】研究乌苏市乡村聚落分布格局的规律并揭示其影响因素,以期为促进西北干旱区城乡一体化发展、优化乡村聚落布局建设美丽乡村提供理论参考.【方法】基于遥感影像,采用GIS空间分析法、多元Logistic回归模型,定量分析乡村聚落分布格局特征及影响因素.【结果】密度最高区域为2.502～4.795个/km^2,密度最低区域几乎没有聚落,在空间上呈多核心-低密度分布;General G估计值Z(d)为-2.813 363,聚落规模具有显著的低值集聚特征.聚落规模热点区大多数为团场连队,冷点区大多数为乡镇村庄;聚落形状指数值总体不高,形状较为规整,稳定性较好.聚落分布差异的影响因素大小排序为:距最近县道距离>距最近主要河流距离>距最近乡镇中心距离;聚落规模差异的影响因素大小排序为:高程>坡度;聚落形态差异的影响因素大小排序为:距最近县道距离>距最近省道距离.【结论】乡村聚落整体分布格局受自然和社会经济因素的影响,交通主要影响聚落分布和形态差异,地形地势主要影响聚落规模差异,应重视不同因素对聚落分布格局的影响程度.

【Objective】To understand the law of the distribution pattern of rural settlements in Wusu City and to reveal its influencing factors,in order to provide a theoretical reference for promoting the development of urban and rural integration in the arid regions of Northwest of China.【Method】Based on remote sensing images,the method of GIS spatial analysis and multivariate logistic regression model were used to quantitatively analyze the rural settlements of distribution pattern characteristics and influencing factors.【Result】The highest density region was 2.502~4.795 km^2,and there was almost no rural settlement in the lowest density region,and it was multicore-low density distribution in space.The estimated value of General G Z(d)was-2.813 363,and the Settlements size distribution had significant low-value clustering characteristics;the Settlements-scale hotspots were mostly group-field companies,and the cold-spot areas were mostly township villages.The Settlements shape index value was not high overall,the shape was relatively regular,and the stability was good.The order of the factors affecting the distribution of settlements were:distance from the nearest county road>distance from the nearest major river>distance from the nearest town center;the order of the factors affecting the size of the settlement is:elevation>slope;The order of the factors affecting the difference in settlement shape was:distance from the nearest county road>distance from the nearest provincial road.【Conclusion】The overall distribution pattern of rural settlements is affected by natural and socio-economic factors.Traffic mainly affects the distribution and morphological differences of settlements.Topography mainly affects the size of settlements.The degree of influence of different factors on the distribution pattern of settlements should be emphasized.