工作经验体制属性、新企业战略与竞争优势——基于中国情境的实证研究

System Affiliation of Prior Work Experience,New Venture Strategy and Competitive Advantage——Evidence from Chinese Context

作为新企业战略方向舵手的创业者,其工作经验对于新企业的战略决策和竞争优势至关重要。与已有研究不同,本文结合烙印理论的观点,深入挖掘创业者工作经验的内在体制属性,考察体制内与体制外工作经验、新企业战略和竞争优势间的逻辑关系,并进一步检验不正当竞争所起的调节作用。通过对吉林、北京和广东三个地区的新企业样本实证分析发现,体制内和体制外工作经验均有助于提升新企业竞争优势;体制内工作经验消极影响创新战略,体制内和体制外工作经验均积极影响模仿战略;创新战略有助于提升新企业竞争优势,而模仿战略与竞争优势间呈倒置U型关系;同时不正当竞争消极调节体制外工作经验与竞争优势的关系。研究结论对创业理论研究和创业实践具有重要的启示意义,并提出了已有研究的缺陷和对未来研究展望。

As the helm of the new venture strategy,the prior work experience of entrepreneur is critical for the strategic decision-making and competitive advantage. Different from existing research,based on imprinting theory,this paper deeply explore the internal system affiliation of entrepreneurs’work experience,and further explore the logical relationship between working experience in an out the Danwei system,new venture strategy and competitive advantage,as well as the moderate effects of dysfunctional competition. Through empirical analysis of new venture samples in Jilin,Beijing and Guangdong,it was found that both prior work experiences embedded in planned and market system could enhance new venture competitive advantage;experiences within planned system negatively affects innovative strategy,and both work experience internal and external system positively affects imitative strategy;Innovative strategy helps to enhance competitive advantage,while the relationship of imitative strategy and competitive advantage is inverted U-shaped. Meanwhile,we found dysfunctional competition negatively moderated the relationship between prior experiences and competitive advantage. The results provide significant implications for entrepreneurial theory and practice,and we points out the shortcomings of existing research and future research prospects.