散居社群与祖籍国、居住国的关系:一种类型学分析

Comparing State-diaspora Relations:A Typological Analysis

对散居社群与祖籍国、居住国的关系的类型化重构,不仅是寻找散居社群与民族国家的关系规律性的重要方式,亦是对全球化背景下国家与民族之间关系的细析与重构,同时也是对世界体系的中心与边缘错位、国家间关系与跨国关系间张力等根本性问题予以重新理解的重要路径。本文将散居社群与祖籍国、居住国的关系分为六个主要类型,即祖籍国主导(延伸)型、居住国主导(延伸)型、散居主导祖籍国型、散居主导居住国型、悬浮型和互嵌型。通过初步研究,本文发现悬浮型关系是导致族群冲突、领土争端和宗教冲突发起、扩散与终止的重要因素,甚至与恐怖主义等非传统安全问题勾连在一起。散居社群的类型化研究对于华人社群的类型化思考及相关侨务政策制定具有重要借鉴作用。

To categorize diasporas and their relations with their state of origin and their state of residence is an important way of figuring out the rules that govern the relationship between diaspora and nation-state and of analyzing and reconstructing the relationship between state and nation in the context of globalization.It is also an important way of reinterpreting the fundamental issues pertaining to the central and marginal misplacement of the world system,inter-state relations,and transnational tensions.In this paper,we classify state-diaspora relations into six types,namely,diaspora dominated by the state of origin,diaspora dominated by the state of residence,diaspora dominating the state of origin,diaspora dominating the state of residence,suspended diaspora,and mutual embedded diaspora.Initial analysis shows that the suspended type is an important factor leading to ethnic feuds,territorial disputes,and religious conflicts.It is even connected with such non-traditional security issues as terrorism.A typological analysis of diaspora communities can illuminate researches on overseas Chinese communities and help towards informed policy-making regarding overseas Chinese affairs.