湖北省鄂州市2011—2017年肺结核发病情况流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in Ezhou, Hubei, 2011-2017

目的本研究通过收集分析2011—2017年鄂州市肺结核发病数据,了解鄂州市肺结核发病情况流行病学特征,为完善全市结核病防控工作策略提供依据。方法收集2011—2017年报告肺结核患者个案信息,采用描述性流行病学方法分析疾病三间分布情况,使用χ~2检验比较计数资料之间的差异。结果 2011—2017年全市共报告肺结核患者5554例,年均报告发病率为75.2/10万,报告发病率呈逐年下降趋势,年均递降率为4.9%;肺结核患者发病呈季节性波动。男女发病人数性别比为2.5∶1,男性年均报告发病率为101.9/10万,年均递降率5.0%,女性报告年均发病率为45.0/10万,年均递降率4.5%,男性发病率明显高于女性,下降幅度较女性略快。农民是发病人数最多的职业人群,占病例总数的57.2%,女性家务及待业人群构成比明显高于男性,和女性实际从事的社会工作结构较符合。15岁以下年龄组报告发病率最低,65～74岁组报告发病率最高。结论鄂州市肺结核疫情整体呈平稳下降趋势,肺结核患者发病呈季节性波动,农民、男性及中老年人结核病防治工作要重点关注和加强。

Objective To collect and analyze the incidence data of tuberculosis in Ezhou from 2011 to 2017,to understand the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis incidence,in order to improve the city TB prevention and control work strategy to provide a basis.Methods Collect the case information of tuberculosis patients reported in 2011-2017,descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the three distribution of diseases.The discrepancy between the counts data was compared using χ^2 test method.Results From 2011 to 2017,a total of 5 554 cases of tuberculosis were reported in the city.The 7-year reported incidence was 75.2/100 000,decreasing year by year,reported annual decline rate of 4.9%;incidence of tuberculosis patients had obvious seasonal fluctuation.The number of male and female patients sex ratio was 2.5:1,and the annual reported incidence rate for males was 101.9/100 000,with an average annual decline rate of 5.0%,while for females was 45.0/100 000,with an average annual decline rate of 4.5%.The incidence rate for males was significantly higher than that for females,with a slightly faster decline rate than that for females.Farmers were the most affected people in the professional population,accounting for 57.2% of the total,the composition of female household and unemployed population was significantly higher than that of male,which was more consistent with the actual social work structure of female.The lowest reported incidence was in the under-15 age group,the incidence of patients aged 65-74 years old was the highest.Conclusion The overall tuberculosis epidemic in Ezhou City is decreasing.There are obvious seasonal fluctuations in the incidence of tuberculosis.The prevention and control of tuberculosis among farmers,men and middle aged and elderly population should be focused on and strengthened.