手机辐射与甲状腺结节相关性

Association between cell phone radiation and thyroid nodule

目的研究手机辐射与甲状腺结节发病的关系,探寻甲状腺结节的高发原因。方法采用随机抽样方法,选择2014年1月—2016年1月在兰州大学第一医院门诊就诊的甲状腺结节患者814例,设立手机使用指数量化每位患者手机使用情况,并根据手机使用指数及性别,年龄在提取数据时将纳入研究的患者分入不同组别。设立排除标准并根据研究目的和患者人群特征自行设计调查表收集体检人群一般资料。采用Welch方差分析方法,判断同性别,不同年龄层中手机使用指数组间的甲状腺结节大小及其他甲状腺功能检测指标是否有差异,应用Games-Howell检验比对各层组间差异。运用生物电磁剂量学的方法,精确计算手机辐射作用下,甲状腺组织中比吸收率(SAR)的分布。结果 (1)除男性老年层外[F(2,71)=2.404,P=0.098> 0.05],同性别,不同年龄层中手机使用指数组间的甲状腺结节大小差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。甲状腺结节大小按照手机使用指数1～1 000组,1 001～2 000组,> 2 000组的顺序增加。说明甲状腺结节的大小随着手机使用的强度增强而增大。男性中年层中从手机使用指数<1 000组到> 2 000组,甲状腺结节大小增加0.254 cm;女性青年层中从手机使用指数<1 000组到1 001～2 000组和<1 000组到> 2 000组,甲状腺结节大小分别增加0.388 cm和0.522 cm;女性老年层中从手机使用指数<1 000组到> 2 000组,甲状腺结节大小增加0.407 cm。女性中年层全层组间比较及上述各组组间两两比较,甲状腺结节大小差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。其他组间两两比较结果差异无统计学意义。(2)经生物电磁剂量学分析发现,在手机辐射作用下,甲状腺组织中SAR明显高于垂体和下丘脑。结论生物电磁剂量学与流行病学研究一致,甲状腺结节的发生与手机辐射的暴露有明显相关性。

Objective To study the relationship between cell phone radiation and thyroid nodule and to explore the cause of high incidence of thyroid nodules. Methods We conducted a survey with a self-designed questionnaire among 814 thyroid nodule outpatients randomly recruited at the First Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2014 to January 2016. The participants were then divided into groups according to their gender,age,and cumulative hours of cell phone use. Welch variance analysis was used to determine whether there was any difference in thyroid nodules size and other thyroid function indicators among the participants of different groups and Games-Howell test was adopted to test the difference. Specific absorption rate (SAR) of cell phone radiation in thyroid tissue was calculated with biometrics for all the participants. Results There were significant differences in thyroid nodule size among the participants with different cumulative cell phone use time in different gender and age groups (P < 0.05 for all) except for the participants in male elderly group (F = 2.404,P = 0.098). The thyroid nodules size increased with the increment of cumulative cell phone use time in a dose-dependent manner. Games-Howell test demonstrated that the thyroid nodule size increased significantly by 0.254 centimeter (cm) in middle-aged males with the cumulative cell phone use time of > 2 000 hours compared to those of same group with the cumulative time of < 1 000 hours;for female participants,the thyroid nodule size increased significantly by 0.388 cm and 0.522 cm in those of young age groups with the cumulative cell phone use time of 1 001-2 000 hours and > 2 000 hours and increased by 0.407 cm in those of elder age group with the cumulative time of > 2 000 hours in comparison with those of same age group with the cumulative time of < 1 000 hours;same significant differences in thyroid nodules size were observed among the middle-aged female participants with different cumulative cell phone use hours (all P < 0.05). The induced current density and the results bio-electromagnetic measurements indicated that the SAR of cell phone radiation was significantly higher in thyroid tissues than in tissues of hypophysis and hypothalamus. Conclusion The result of bioelectromagnetic dosiology is consistent with that of epidemiological survey and there is a significant correlation between thyroid nodule and cell phone radiation.