武汉市居民健康素养现状及影响因素分析

Status and influencing factors of health literacy among residents in Wuhan city

目的了解武汉市居民健康素养水平及影响因素,为制定健康教育政策和措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法抽取武汉全市13个行政区4 500名15～65岁城乡常住居民进行问卷调查。结果 2016年武汉市居民健康素养水平为11.79%,基本知识和理念素养水平为22.88%,健康生活方式与行为素养水平为9.92%,基本技能素养水平为14.74%;6类健康问题素养水平由高至低依次为安全与急救素养44.42%,科学健康观素养33.73%,健康信息素养19.74%,传染病防治素养16.73%,基本医疗素养12.75%和慢性病防治素养11.47%;多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄、文化程度、职业、城乡分布是健康素养的影响因素。结论武汉市居民健康素养水平仍较低,应针对农村地区、低文化程度和老年人群加强健康促进与教育工作,重点加强基本医疗和慢性病防治知识方面的宣传教育。

Objective To examine health literacy and its influencing factors among residents of Wuhan city and to provide evidences for developing strategies and measures on health education in the population. Methods With stratified multi-stage random sampling,we conducted a household questionnaire survey on health literacy among 4 500 permanent urban and rural residents aged 15 to 65 years living in 13 administrative regions of Wuhan city,Hubei province between October and December 2016. Results Of all the participants,11.79% were assessed with adequate overall health literacy;22.88%,9.92%,and 14.74% reported having basic health knowledge and concept,healthy lifestyle and behavior,and basic health-related skills. The proportions of the participants with basic health literacy domains from high to low were 44.42% for safety and first aid,33.73% for scientific health literacy,19.74% for acquiring health information,16.73% for infectious disease prevention and control,12.75% for basic medication,and 11.47% for chronic disease prevention and control literacy. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that occupation,age,education,and urban/rural dwelling area were major influence factors of health literacy among the population. Conclusion The health literacy of residents in Wuhan city is still at a low level and health education mainly on medication and chronic disease prevention and control should be promoted among the residents in rural regions,with low education,and at elder age.