儿童肠内营养应用的研究进展

Advances in the application of enteral nutrition in children

肠内营养是儿童临床营养治疗的首选方法。根据患儿的年龄、病情选择不同的肠内营养品和喂养方法。母乳是婴儿最好的食品,对于感染后顽固性腹泻婴儿,使用母乳作为肠内营养品可以促进病情恢复。全肠内营养可以作为克罗恩病患儿的首选诱导治疗方案,模拟肠内营养制剂营养成分的个性化饮食也在研究中。早期肠内营养对急性胰腺炎患儿来说,不仅安全,而且能更好地减少疼痛,同时缩短平均住院天数。对于需要长期肠内营养的神经功能损伤患儿,可以考虑胃造瘘术。对于危重症患儿来说,早期肠内营养已被证明可以减少并发症和住院时间,并改善预后。

Enteral nutrition (EN) is the preferred method of clinical nutrition treatment for children.Different EN preparations and feeding methods were chosen according to the age and condition of the children.Breast milk is the best food for infants.For infants with intractable diarrhea after infection, using breast milk as enteral nutrition preparation can promote the recovery of the disease.Total enteral nutrition can be used as the preferred induction therapy for children with Crohn′s disease.Individualized diets simulating the nutritional components of enteral nutrition preparations are also being studied.Early EN is not only safe for children with acute pancreatitis, but also can better reduce pain and shorten the average length of hospital stay.Gastrostomy can be considered in children with neurological impairment who need long-term EN.Early EN has been shown to reduce complications, hospital stay and improve prognosis in critically ill children.