浙江苍南近海海域甲壳类种类组成和数量分布

Species Composition and Quantitative Distribution of Crustaceans in the Offshore Area of Cangnan, Zhejiang Province

根据2016年4月下旬至2017年5月底在苍南近海各主要岛群周围海域(北纬27.00°-27.35°)利用张网对游泳生物资源的调查资料,对甲壳类游泳生物种类组成、数量分布和优势种进行了研究.发现甲壳类45种,包括虾类23种,蟹类14种,虾蛄4种、糠虾1种,磷虾1种,水虱类2种;隶属于5目20科28属.不同季节出现的种类变化趋势是:夏季(40种)>秋季(36种)>春季(31种)>冬季(28种).全海区甲壳类游泳生物资源密度总的分布趋势是外高内低,外侧海区甲壳类5 540 kg/km^3,内侧海区1 880 kg/km^3.全区甲壳类资源密度渔获量0.469 6 kg/t.n,占总渔获量的31.85%;渔获尾数为0.8215万尾/t.n,占总渔获尾数的52.02%.甲壳类在渔获物组成的季节变化中重量组成为:春季(37.21%)>冬季(33.16%)>秋季(31.16%)>夏季(30.16%);尾数组成为春季(91.06%)>冬季(76.39%)>秋季(74.55%)>夏季(44.06%).主要优势种有:中国毛虾、细鳌虾、口虾蛄、太平洋磷虾、中华管鞭虾、日本鼓虾、三疣梭子蟹、脊尾白虾、哈氏仿对虾.

The paper probes into the species composition, quantitative distribution and dominant species of crustacean nektonic organism based on the survey data on the nektonic biological resources via stow nets around the main island groups in the coastal waters (latitude 27.00°-27.35°N) of Cangnan from the last ten days of April, 2016 to the end of May, 2017. 45 species of crustaceans are discovered including 23 species of prawns, 14 species of crabs, 4 species of mantis shrimps and 1 species of opossum shrimps, 1 species of euphausiid shrimps and 2 species of water lice, which is attached to 28 genera and 20 families of 5 catalogues. The variation trend of species in different seasons tend to: 40 species (in summer season)> 36 species (in autumn season)> 31 species (in spring season)> 28 species (in winter season). The general distribution trend of crustacean nektonic resource density in the whole sea area is high outside and low inside. The crustaceans in the outer sea area are 5 540 kg/km3 and the inner sea area is 1 880 kg/km3. The resource density of crustaceans in the whole area is 0.469 6 kg/t.n, accounting for 31.85% of the total catch. The catch in number of crustaceans is 8 215 tails/t.n, accounting for 52.02% of the total catch. The component by weight of crustaceans in seasonal variation of catch composition is 37.21%(spring), 33.16%(winter), 31.16%(autumn) and 30.16%(summer). The catch in number is made up of spring (91.06%), winter (76.39%), autumn (74.55%) and summer (44.06%). The main dominant species include Acetes Chinesis, Penaeus chinensis, Oratosquilla, euphausia pacifica, Solenocera crassicornis, Alpheus japonicus, Portunus trituberculatus, palaemon carinicauda and Harlequin prawns.