绿色发展与FDI环境效应——从“污染天堂”到“污染光环”的数据实证

Study on Environmental Effects of Green Development and FDI——Data Demonstration from “Pollution Paradise” to “Pollution Halo”

本文利用中国城市层面空间面板数据实证分析了外商直接投资对东道国环境污染的影响机制,创新性地将外商直接投资的创新溢出效应分解为生产型创新溢出效应和生态型创新溢出效应两个方面。研究结果得出,在经济发展初期,外商直接投资的创新效应以生产型创新为主,东道国自然环境会直接和间接通过生产型创新效应加剧污染,这一点符合"污染天堂"假说;而在经济发展转型时期,外商直接投资的创新效应将逐步以生态型创新溢出效应为主,东道国自然环境会直接和通过生态技术创新溢出间接降低工业环境污染,这使外商直接投资的环境效应满足"污染光环"假说。外商直接投资的生态型创新溢出使其对环境的影响由负向正,在绿色发展理念下,中国在进一步扩大开放的同时应当积极引导创新溢出由生产型向生态型转型。

This paper empirically analyses the impact mechanism of FDI on environmental pollution in host countries by using the spatial panel data at the urban level in China, and innovatively divides the innovation spillover effect of FDI into two aspects: productive innovation spillover effect and ecological innovation spillover effect. The results show that in the early stage of economic development, the innovation effect of foreign direct investment is mainly productive innovation, and the natural environment of the host country will aggravate pollution directly and indirectly through productive innovation effect, which is in line with the"pollution paradise"hypothesis. In the period of economic development transition, the innovation effect of foreign direct investment will gradually be dominated by ecological innovation spillover effect. The natural environment of the host country will directly and indirectly reduce industrial environmental pollution through the spillover of ecological technology innovation, which makes the environmental effects of FDI meet the"pollution halo"hypothesis. Under the concept of green development, China should actively guide the transformation of innovation spillover from production-oriented to ecological-oriented while further opening up.