遵义某三甲医院急诊科抢救室近10年成人死亡病例的流行病学分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of adult deaths in emergency resuscitation room of a 3A grade hospital in Zunyi in recent 10 years

目的分析2007～2016年贵州省遵义医科大学附属医院急诊科抢救室成人死亡病例的流行病学特征。方法回顾性选择2007～2016年遵义医科大学附属医院急诊科抢救室成人死亡病例1 268例患者为研究对象,运用描述流行病学方法和分析性研究方法,分析该院急诊科抢救室成人死亡病例的流行特征及变化趋势。结果在性别分布上,男性54.10%,女性45.90%,男女性别比例为1.18∶1;在年龄分布上,≥59岁者为死亡集中人群,比例高于其他年龄段人群(χ~2=6.145,P<0.05);在病因分布上,心脑血管疾病和创伤为主要死亡原因,比例高于呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、中毒、溺水等原因(χ~2=7.173,P<0.05);在年份分布上,自2010年始至2016年止,各年份死亡病例数呈上升趋势;在月份分布上, 1、11、12月份死亡病例比例高于与其它月份(χ~2=6.352,P<0.05);在职业分布上,工人、农民死亡病例数居多,其比例高于其它职业死亡病例(χ~2=6.643,P<0.05)。结论遵义医科大学附属医院急诊科抢救室成人死亡病例呈上升趋势,≥59岁者为死亡集中人群,心脑血管疾病和创伤为主要死亡原因,1、11、12月份死亡病例数分布较多,工人、农民为死亡集中职业。该地区应从居民健康意识、健康管理、环境和交通建设等方面着手降低创伤、疾病发生率;同时,医院应通过规范救治流程与路径、人员培训、救治预警等措施完善急救体系,全面提高医院严重创伤的救治水平,降低死亡率。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of adult deaths in emergency resuscitation room of Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University in Guizhou Province from 2007 to 2016.Methods A total of 1 268 adult deaths in emergency resuscitation room of Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University were studied from 2007 to 2016.The epidemiological characteristics and trends of adult deaths in emergency resuscitation room of the hospital were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology and analytical research methods.Results In gender distribution,54.10% of males,45.90% of females,the sex ratio between male and female was 1.18 ∶1.In age distribution,patients over 59 years old were the death concentrated population and the proportion was higher than that of other age groups(χ^2=6.145,P<0.05).In etiological distribution,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and trauma were the main causes of death with the higher proportion than that in respiratory diseases,malignant tumors,poisoning,drowning and other causes(χ^2=7.173,P<0.05).In the year distribution,the number of deaths in each year was increased from 2010 to 2016.In the month distribution,the proportion of deaths in January,November and December was higher than that in other months(χ^2=6.352,P<0.05).In the occupational distribution,the number of deaths of workers and peasants was higher than that in other occupations(χ^2=6.643,P<0.05).Conclusion Adult deaths in emergency resuscitation room of Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University are increased.Those over 59 years old are the death concentrated population.Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and trauma are the main causes of death.There are more deaths in January,November and December.Workers and peasants are the death concentrated occupations.In this area,the incidence of trauma and disease should be reduced from the aspects of residents’ health awareness,health management,environment and traffic construction.At the same time,hospitals should improve the first aid system by standardizing the treatment process and path,personnel training,treatment and early warning,so as to comprehensively improve the treatment level of severe trauma and reduce the mortality rate.