西方政府行动合法性判断标准发展探究——能从“同意论”发展到“满意论”吗?

Study on the Development of Criteria for Judging the Legitimacy of Western Government Actions——Whether It can be Developed from Consent Theory to Satisfaction Theory?

自霍布斯以来,西方政府行动的合法性理论及其判断标准一直以"同意论"为基础来丰富和发展。洛克、卢梭立足于想象的契约论发展了"同意论",边沁将基于契约论的"同意论"转化为以利益为分析起点的"效率论"。其后,经行政学的独立、政治行政"二分法"的引导,以"效率论"为基础的政府行动合法性理论得以巩固。"同意论"内含着非实质性"君主-臣民"承诺关系的分析框架;"效率论"形成了"政府-人民"行动关系的中心边缘结构,政府处于行动关系的中心。新公共服务将"服务论"作为西方政府行动合法性的判断标准,试图建构"政府-人民"的合作行动框架。十九大后,建设人民满意的服务型政府成为我国政府发展的目标,"满意论"成为政府行动合法性的判断标准,从而超越了西方现代政府行动的合法性论。以此推断,来源于新公共服务的"服务论"有可能转化为"满意论",成为西方政府行动合法性的判断标准吗?这需要持续关注。

Since Hobbes, the legitimacy theory of western government action and its judging criteria have been enriched and developed on the basis of consent theory. Locke and Rousseau developed it based on imaginary contract theory;Bentham turned the consent theory into efficiency theory. After the independence of science of administration and the guidance of political and administrative dichotomy theory, the legitimacy theory of government action based on efficiency theory is consolidated, which contains an analytical framework of non-substantive "monarch-subjects" commitment relationship. The efficiency theory forms the center-margin structure of government-people action relationship with government at the center. The new public service takes the service theory as the criterion and tries to construct a government-people cooperative action framework. After 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, building a service-oriented government satisfied by the people has become the goal of Chinese government, and satisfaction theory has become the criterion, which has surpassed the legitimacy theory of Western modern government action. Based on this, can the "service theory" derived from the new public service possibly be transformed into the "satisfaction theory" and become the judgment standard for the legality of western governments' actions? This requires constant attention.