学龄前期孤独症谱系障碍儿童情绪行为问题及其与母亲情绪问题的相关性

Analysis of the correlation between emotional and behavior problems in preschool children with autism and maternal emotional problems

目的分析学龄前期孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童情绪行为问题及其与母亲焦虑、抑郁情绪的相关性,以期全面干预ASD儿童及其家庭。方法选取2018年1—8月于泉州市儿童医院就诊的5～6岁孤独症儿童71名,并同期入组性别、年龄、母亲受教育程度相匹配的正常学龄前期儿童71名;对所有被试进行Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)(4～16岁版)评定,同时由其母亲完成焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)的评定。结果 1)孤独症男童组的CBCL总分、交往不良、多动、违纪、社交退缩和攻击性因子分高于正常对照组(Z值分别为-6.880、-9.417、-5.745、-5.109、-8.869、-3.510,P<0.001),体诉因子分低于正常对照组(Z=-2.767,P=0.006)。ASD女童组的CBCL总分、多动、残忍、社交退缩、分裂强迫和攻击性因子分均高于正常对照组(Z值分别为-3.726、-3.356、-2.292、-4.339、-2.226、-2.476,P<0.05)。2)两组ASD儿童母亲的SAS、SDS总分均高于正常对照组(Z值分别为-6.848、-3.126、-6.385、-2.183,P<0.05)。3)ASD男童母亲的SAS、SDS总分与ASD男童的CBCL总分、多动、违纪、攻击性、体诉、抑郁、强迫因子分均存在正相关关系(P<0.05);ASD女童母亲的SAS、SDS总分与ASD女童的攻击性因子分存在正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论学龄前期ASD儿童存在较多的情绪行为问题,其母亲存在较多的焦虑、抑郁情绪;两者间存在一定相关关系;应对学龄前期ASD儿童的情绪行为问题及其母亲的焦虑抑郁情绪予以关注和干预。

Objective To analyze the status of emotional and behavior problems and their relationship with maternal emotional problems in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),in order to comprehensively intervene autistic children and their families. Methods A total of 71 ASD children aged 5 to 6 years in Quanzhou Children′s and Women′s Hospital were enrolled in this study from January to August 2018,and 71 normal preschool children matched with sex,age and maternal education were selected as controls.All participants were assessed by the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL) for children aged 4 to 16 years old.And all mothers completed the Self Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Self Rating Depression Scale(SDS). Results 1) The total score of CBCL and scores of factors including social problems,hyperactivity,violation of discipline,with drawal and aggression in boys with ASD were significantly higher than those in normal controls(Z=-6.880,-9.417,-5.745,-5.109,-8.869,-3.510,P<0.001),while the score of physical complaint was lower than that of normal control group(Z=-2.767,P=0.006).The total score of CBCL and scores of factors of hyperactivity,cruelty,social with drawal,splitting compulsion and aggression in girls with ASD were significantly higher than those in normal control group(Z=-3.726,-3.356,-2.292,-4.339,-2.226,-2.476,P<0.05).2) The total scores of SAS and SDS in mothers of ASD group were significantly higher than those in mothers of normal control group(t=-6.848,-3.126,-6.385,-2.183,P<0.05).3) There were positive correlations among total scores of SAS and SDS in mothers of ASD boys,total score of CBCL of ASD boys,scores of hyperactivity,discipline violation,aggression,physical complaints,depression and obsessive compulsion factors(P<0.05).There were positive correlations between SAS and SDS scores in mothers of ASD girls and score of aggression factor in ASD girls(P<0.05). Conclusions Preschool children with ASD have more emotional and behavioral problems,and their mothers suffer from more depression and anxiety.What′s more,there is correlation between emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children with ASD and their mother′s emotional problems.So it is supposed to give more concern and intervention to preschool ASD children and their mothers.