儿童过敏性疾病与注意缺陷多动障碍的关联及相关机制研究进展

Review on the association between allergic diseases and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood and related mechanisms

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童阶段起病的神经发育障碍。近年来研究发现,其与过敏性疾病呈现高共病特点,过敏性疾病会增加儿童患ADHD的风险。二者相关性涉及复杂的神经免疫学机制:婴儿期的过敏性疾病造成的免疫失调可能影响神经发育,进而引起ADHD;ADHD也可能与过敏性哮喘等疾病涉及相似的发病机制,为累及器官在大脑的过敏性疾病。虽然大量研究认为,ADHD与神经免疫机制有关,但具体神经免疫通路有待进一步研究探索。本文对儿童过敏性疾病和ADHD关系的研究进行定性综述,并总结二者关联的机制,旨在为探索ADHD发病机制和干预方式提供新思路。

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which onsets from childhood.It has been found that there is high co-morbidity between ADHD and atopic diseases.Children with allergic diseases are more likely to develop ADHD compared with controls.And complicated neuroimmuologic mechanisms might be involved in this association.The dysfunctional immunologic responses caused by allergic diseases in the infancy might have impact on the development of neural system.It is also proposed that ADHD is a hypersensitive disorder that shares similar etiology with allergic diseases.This review summarizes current studies on the association between ADHD and allergic diseases,as well as the related mechanisms,in order to provide new ideas for exploring the etiology and intervention of ADHD.