摘要
为探究玉米产量对不同程度盐渍化农田水氮调控的响应规律,通过田间试验,在3种盐渍化农田(S1,0. 247 d S/m; S2,0. 839 d S/m; S3,1. 286 d S/m)上设置3个灌溉量(W1,150 mm; W2,225 mm; W3,300 mm(常规灌溉量))和3个施氮量(N1,172. 5 kg/hm^2; N2,258. 8 kg/hm^2; N3,345 kg/hm^2(常规施氮量)),结合模型模拟研究了不同盐渍土条件下玉米产量对水氮调控的响应。结果表明:灌水显著影响S1、S2和S3玉米产量,产量随着灌水量的增加呈先增后降的变化趋势。施氮显著影响S1、S2和S3玉米产量,S1和S2上的产量随施氮量的增加先增后降,而S3上的产量总体呈现逐渐减少趋势。随着土壤盐渍程度的加重,水氮交互效应对产量影响增大。水氮交互对S1玉米产量影响不显著(P> 0. 05),W2N2较W3N3、W3N2减产4. 41%、6. 56%(P> 0. 05),非盐渍土在水分较好和氮素适宜时才可得到较大产量,但适度节水控氮不会显著减产。水氮交互显著影响S2玉米产量(P <0. 05),W2N2产量显著高于其余水氮处理(P <0. 05),中度盐渍土需供应适宜水氮。水氮交互极显著影响S3玉米产量(P <0. 01),W2N1产量显著高于其余水氮处理(P <0. 05),重度盐渍土在适宜水分和较少供氮时才可得到较高产量。经模型寻优得到河套灌区玉米节水节氮高产的水氮用量为:非盐渍土,灌水量253. 74~286. 26 mm,施氮量267. 65~318. 85 kg/hm^2;中度盐渍土,灌水量233. 25~268. 17 mm,施氮量225. 22~272. 56 kg/hm^2;重度盐渍土,灌水量196. 94~243. 06 mm,施氮量179. 15~223. 35 kg/hm^2。
Hetao Irrigation District (HID) is a main grain production region in China, but it is characterized by less rainfall. Water shortage, soil salinization and excessive application of chemical fertilizers are main important factors that restricting the food and environmental safety in HID. Reasonable and efficient utilization of water and fertilizer resources on saline soil to improve crop production efficiency and reduce non-point source pollution of nitrogen are the effective ways to relieve the problem. Referring to the local conventional irrigation (300 mm) and nitrogen amount (345 kg/hm^2 ) in HID, a field interactive experiment with three irrigation amounts and three nitrogen amounts was carried out in three salinization farmlands (S1, 0.247 dS/m;S2, 0.839 dS/m;S3, 1.286 dS/m) respectively. Three irrigation amounts were 150 mm, 225 mm and 300 mm, which was marked as W1, W2, and W3, respectively, and three nitrogen amounts were 172.5 kg/hm^2 , 258.8 kg/hm^2 and 345 kg/hm^2 , marking as N1, N2 and N3, respectively. The coupling model of water and nitrogen for maize with border irrigation under three saline soils was established and optimized, and the field experiment combined with model simulation was used to explore the response of maize yield to water and nitrogen regulation in different salinized soils, and provide scientific basis for reasonable irrigation and nitrogen management. Main conclusions were as follows: the maize yields were significantly affected by irrigation in S1, S2 and S3 soils. The yield of maize was increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of irrigation volume in S1, S2 and S3 soils. In addition, maize yields were significantly affected by nitrogen rate in S1, S2 and S3 soils ( P <0.05). The yield of S1 and S2 soils was increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate, but it was decreased gradually as a whole in S3 soils. With the increase of soil salinity, the interactive effect of water and nitrogen on yield was enhanced. Water and nitrogen interaction had insignificant effect on the yield ( P >0.05) under S1 soil condition. Compared with W3N3 and W3N2 treatment, the yield of W2N2 was decreased by 4.41% and 6.56%( P >0.05), respectively. The maximum yield could be obtained only when the water was better and nitrogen was suitable, but the moderate reduction of irrigation and nitrogen application rate would not significantly reduce the yield in non-saline land. The interaction effect of water and nitrogen significantly affected the yield of S2 ( P <0.05), and the yield of W2N2 was significantly higher than that of the rest of treatments ( P <0.05), and suitable water and nitrogen supplying were needed in middle saline soil. The yield was significantly affected by the interaction effect of water and nitrogen ( P <0.01) in S3, and the yield of W2N1 was significantly higher than that of other treatments ( P <0.05), and the higher yield could be obtained when suitable water and less nitrogen were supplied in heavily saline soil. Through the model optimization, the water-saving and nitrogen-controlling management for higher yield of maize in HID were as follows: non-saline soil (irrigation amount of 253.74~286.26 mm, nitrogen amount of 267.65~318.85 kg/hm^2 ), moderately saline soil (irrigation amount of 233.25~268.17 mm, nitrogen amount of 225.22~272.56 kg/hm^2 ), heavily saline soil (irrigation amount of 196.94~243.06 mm, nitrogen amount of 179.15~223.35 kg/hm^2 ).
作者
徐昭
史海滨
李仙岳
周慧
付小军
李正中
XU Zhao;SHI Haibin;LI Xianyue;ZHOU Hui;FU Xiaojun;LI Zhengzhong(College of Water Conservation and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot 010018,China;Shahaoqu Irrigation Experimental Station,Jiefangzha Management Bureau of Hetao Irrigation District,Bayannur 015400,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第5期334-343,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51539005
51769024)
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400205)
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(201602049)
关键词
玉米
盐渍化农田
地面灌溉
水氮耦合
产量效应
maize
salinization farmland
border irrigation
coupling of water and nitrogen
yield effect