一种基于区块链的去中心化数据溯源方法

Blockchain-based decentralized data provenance method

为了避免数据欺诈(如数据被篡改)等情况发生,必须保持数据创建、修改和转移的历史记录,即溯源。传统的数据溯源系统大多采用中心化的存储模式,存在易遭受内部、外部攻击,且有单点故障等弊端。区块链是一种随着比特币系统发展起来的,基于互联网的去中心化信任管理机制,其难以被篡改、可追溯等特性为安全的数据溯源提供了新的解决途径。文中提出了一种基于区块链的去中心化数据溯源方法,其中包括建立PROV溯源数据模型描述溯源数据;设计了一套溯源数据管理的合约,通过智能合约将溯源数据存储到区块链上,确保用户获得的溯源数据真实可靠;搭建了一个以太坊的私有区块链网络,通过设计一个基于React的JavaScript Web应用程序,仿真实现和测试了所提出的方法,测试结果证明所提出方案的正确性和可行性。

To avoid data fraud,such as data tampering,the history of data creation,modification,and transfer,i.e.,provenance must be maintained.Most of the existing data provenance systems adopt a centralized storage mode,which is vulnerable to internal and external attacks,and has the disadvantages of single point of failure.Blockchain is an Internet-based decentralized trust management mechanism developed with the Bitcoin system.Its hard-to-tamper and traceable features provide a new solution for secure data provenance.A blockchain-based decentralized data provenance method is proposed,including establishing a provenance data model to describe provenance data,and designing a set of provenance data management contracts to store provenance data on blockchain through smart contracts,to ensure that the provenance data obtained by the user is authentic and reliable.A private blockchain network of Ethereum is established,and a JavaScript Web application is designed based on React.Implementing and testing the method is conducted by the simulation.The testing results proves the correctness and the feasibility of the method.