从《洞穴》的叙事模型解读瑞克·巴斯的后自然书写

Title:Narrative Models of “The Cave” and Rick Bass’s Post-Nature Writing

瑞克·巴斯是美国当代最优秀的自然作家之一。他的自然小说善于综合运用荒野、病患和冒险这三种叙事模型来探索自然的本质、人与自然的关系等自然书写的核心问题。其短篇小说《洞穴》是综合运用这三种叙事模型,并完美阐释人与自然关系的顶尖之作。该小说虽然采用了人类叙事视角,但最大限度地抑制了该视角中的理性成分,呈现出一幅人类、动物、自然共融的画面,凸现了自然的本质,有别于传统自然书写中以人类为中心的自然赞歌,可视为后自然书写。

Rick Bass is one of the best nature writers in contemporary America. In his renowned short story "The Cave", Bass simultaneously employs the three narrative models often found in his other stories: wilderness, patient, and adventure. By integrating the three narrative models,"The Cave" explores the key issues in nature writing: nature has a reality independent of human perception, and humans need to forget themselves and engage in adventures in nature before they can become a healthy part of the nature."The Cave" is for the most part filtered from human perspective, yet the rationality of the human perspective is so strictly controlled that what is presented is a picture in which humans, animals and the nature are equal entities. It emphasizes the reality/essence of the nature, and is different from the traditional nature writing which sings anthropocentric praises for the nature.