不同灌水处理对不同抗旱型小麦品种生长发育和产量的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Treatments on Growth and Yield of Different Drought-Resistant Wheat Cultivars

为了探明黄淮麦区不同干旱敏感型冬小麦品种对不同灌溉方式的响应特征,以黄淮麦区大面积推广的2个冬小麦品种抗旱型的矮抗58(AK58)和干旱敏感型的郑麦7698(ZM7698)为研究对象,在隔离池中通过不同时期定量灌水研究总灌水量不变的情况下拔节期和开花期水分调配对 2个小麦品种的群体数量、个体发育、产量构成的影响。结果表明,ZM7698在拔节期灌水100 mm+开花期灌水100 mm(B1F1)处理下具有最高的群体数量和次生根数,而AK58在拔节期灌水 200 mm+开花期不灌水(B2F0)处理下群体数量和次生根数最高;2个小麦品种均在B2F0处理下株高最高,B1F1和B0F2(拔节期不灌水+开花期灌水200 mm)处理株高均较其显著下降。与B2F0处理相比,B1F1和B0F2处理ZM7698和AK58两个品种旗叶SPAD值均显著下降,ZM7698叶片SPAD值下降幅度大于AK58。ZM7698和AK58的小穗孕性对不同灌水处理的响应明显不同,ZM7698结实小穗比率表现为B0F2>B1F1>B2F1,AK58则表现为B1F1>B0F2>B2F0。AK58 的产量表现为 B1F1>B2F0>B0F2,穗数表现为B2F0>B1F1>B0F2,穗粒数表现为B1F1>B2F0> B0F2,千粒质量表现为B0F2>B1F1>B2F0;而ZM7698的产量则表现为B1F1>B0F2>B2F0,穗数表现为B2F0>B1F1>B0F2,千粒质量表现为B0F2>B1F1>B2F0,穗粒数表现为B2F0>B0F2>B1F1。AK58和ZM7698的强势粒千粒质量均随着开花期灌水量的增加而显著增加,但AK58的增加幅度明显高于ZM7698;ZM7698弱势粒千粒质量仅在B1F1和B0F2处理间有显著差异,而AK58弱势粒千粒质量在B1F1和B0F2处理下均显著高于B0F2处理。综上所述,抗旱型品种AK58和干旱敏感型品种ZM7698均在拔节—开花期均匀灌水(B1F1)条件下产量最高,但是产量构成因素变化不同,AK58和ZM7698小穗发育过程和强、弱势粒灌浆过程对拔节期和开花期土壤水分敏感性的不同是造成2个小麦品种产量构成不同的重要原因。

In order to explore the effects of different irrigation methods on different drought-resistant wheat cultivars in Huang-huai wheat region,an experiment was carried out with drought-resistant wheat cultivar Aikang 58 (AK58) and drought-sensitive wheat cultivar Zhengmai 7698 (ZM7698),which were widely planted in the Huang-huai wheat region.The effect of different irrigation treatments on the population size,individual development,yield components of two wheat cultivars under a quota irrigation with 200 mm during the whole growth period with different distribution modes between jointing stage and flowering stage were studied.The results showed that ZM7698 had the highest population size and secondary root number in the case of uniform irrigation with 100 mm at jointing stage and flowering stage (B1F1),while AK58 had the highest population size and secondary root number in the case of irrigation amount of 200 mm at the jointing stage (B2F0).Both two wheat varieties had the highest plant height under B2F0 treatment,B1F1 treatment of ZM7698 and B0F2 treatment of AK58 significantly reduced the plant height compared with B2F0 treatment respectively.Under B1F1 and B0F2 treatments,the chlorophyll contents of flag leaves of both AK58 and ZM7698 decreased significantly,and the decrease extent was larger in ZM7698 than that in AK58 compared with B2F0 treatment.The responses of spikelet fertility of ZM7698 and AK58 to different irrigation treatment were different,the set spikelet ratio of ZM7698 showed as B0F2>B1F1>B2F1,while AK58 showed as B1F1>B0F2>B2F0.The yield,spike number,grain number per spike and thousand grains weight of AK58 showed as B1F1>B2F0>B0F2,B2F0>B1F1>B0F2,B1F1>B2F0>B0F2 and B0F2>B1F1>B2F0,respectively.While the yield,spike number,grain number per spike and thousand grains weight of ZM7698 showed as B1F1>B0F2>B2F0,B2F0>B1F1>B0F2,B2F0>B0F2>B1F1 and B0F2>B1F1>B2F0.The thousand grains weight of strong kernels of AK58 and ZM7698 both significantly increased with the increase of irrigation amount at flowering stage,but the increase extent was larger in AK58 than that in ZM7698.The thousand kernels weight of weak kernels of ZM7698 only had significant difference between B1F1 treatment and B0F2 treatment,while that of AK58 was significantly higher in B1F1 and B0F2 treatments than that in B0F2 treatment.In conclusions,both AK58 and ZM7698 had the highest yield under uniform irrigation at jointing stage and flowering stage (B1F1),but the yield components were different among different treatments;the different sensibility of spikelet development,filling processes of strong kernels and weak kernels to soil water content at jointing stage and flowering stage caused the different yield components of ZM7698 and AK58.