化肥减量配施不同类型腐植酸有机肥对盐碱地水稻产量和品质的影响

Effects of Reduction of Chemical Fertilizer and Supplement of Different Types of Humic Acid Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Rice in Saline-Alkali Soil

基于盐碱地土质差、水稻产量低的问题,以不施用腐植酸(A0)及化肥常规用量(B1)处理为对照,研究化肥减量[常规用量减量20%(B2)]配施不同类型腐植酸有机肥[粒状腐植酸有机肥(A1)、粉状腐植酸有机肥(A2)]对水稻产量和品质的影响,为盐碱地水稻高产优质栽培提供理论依据与技术支持。结果表明,在不同施肥量水平下,A1处理明显增加水稻穗数,A2处理明显增加水稻结实率,从而2个处理较A0处理增加产量;不同类型腐植酸有机肥均可明显降低稻米的精米率、整精米率,增加垩白度和垩白粒率,A2处理明显增加稻米直链淀粉含量与食味评分,其中,食味评分较A0处理提高3.40%,但A2处理降低蛋白质含量。B2处理总体上可明显降低水稻穗数、穗粒数,降低产量,同时明显降低稻米的加工品质,增加垩白度、垩白粒率、直链淀粉含量和食味评分。A1B1处理可增加水稻净光合速率、穗粒数,进而提高产量,并明显增加糙米率。A2B2处理明显增加稻米的垩白度和垩白粒率,降低外观品质,A2B1处理明显增加稻米食味评分。综上,A1B1处理产量最高,A2B1处理食味品质最佳。

Based on the problems of poor soil quality and low rice yield in saline-alkali soil,the treatment without humic acid(A0) and treatment with conventional dosage of chemical fertilizer(B1) were used as control to study the effect of reduction of chemical fertilizer[reduction in quantity by 20% of conventional dosage(B2)] and supplement of different types of humic acid fertilizer [granular humic acid organic fertilizer(A1),powdery humic acid organic fertilizer(A2)]on yield and quality of rice,so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for high yield and quality cultivation of rice in saline-alkali soil.The results showed that under different chemical fertilizer application levels,the spike number of rice significantly increased in A1 treatment,and the seed setting rate significantly increased in A2 treatment,so that the yield of the above two treatments increased compared with A0 treatment.The application of different types of humic acid fertilizer obviously decreased the milled rice rate,head rice rate,and increased chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate of rice.The amylose content and taste score in A2 treatment significantly increased,and the taste score increased by 3.40% compared with A0 treatment. However,protein content decreased in A2 treatment compared with A0 treatment.Overall,the B2 treatment obviously decreased the yield through decreasing the spike number and grain number per spike,reduced the milling quality,and increased the chalkiness degree,chalky grain rate,amylose content and taste score.A1B1 treatment could increase the net photosynthetic rate,grain number per spike and yield,and enhance brown rice rate.A2B2 treatment could increase the chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate,and decrease the appearance quality.A2B1 treatment could increase the taste score.On the whole,the yield of A1B1 treatment was the highest,and the cooking and eating quality of A2B1 treatment was the best.