建筑工人对安全标识认知的评价研究

Research on the Evaluation of Safety Sign Cognition by Construction Workers

为了研究建筑工人对安全标识的认知情况,基于认知心理学和C-HIP模型识别出安全标识认知的4阶段:注意阶段、识记阶段、判断阶段和选择阶段,并进一步细分研究指标对某项目386名建筑工人进行调查研究,通过SPSS19.0对调查结果进行描述性统计分析、Mann-Whitney U二样本检验、Kruskal-Wallis多样本检验。结果表明:识记阶段和选择阶段均值最低,注意阶段的标识位置指标标准差最大,不同工种、工龄、事故经历及安全培训在安全标识的认知方面具有显著差异,不同年龄、文化程度和地域的建筑工人在对安全标识的认知程度并无明显差异。为企业提高工人对安全标识的认知水平和最大化发挥安全标识有效性提供了思路与方法。

In order to study the cognition of safety sign among construction workers, the four phases of safety sign cognition were identified based on cognitive psychology and C-HIP model: attention phase, memorization phase, judgment phase and selection phase. The index was further divided and carried out among 386 workers in a construction project. The descriptive statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney U two-sample test and Kruskal-Wallis multi-sample test of the survey results was conducted by SPSS 19.0. The results showed that the mean values of the phase of memorization and the phase of selection were the lowest. At the attention phase, the standard deviation of the marking position index was the largest. There were significant differences in the cognition of safety identification between different types of workers, length of service, accident experience and safety training. There was no significant difference in the level of cognition of safety signs between the workers in education level and geographical area. This paper provides ideas and methods for enterprises to improve construction workers* understanding of safety sign and can maximize the effectiveness of safety sign.