司法责任制下的法官问责标准:制度、评价与借鉴

The Standard of Judge's Accountability under the Judicial Responsibility System: System, Evaluation and Reference

法官问责标准是司法责任制中的重要内容,也是司法责任制改革必须解决的一个问题。考察域外法官的问责标准,无论是美国、德国还是日本,尽管在问责事由的种类和范围上存在一定的差别,但以不当行为作为法官问责标准却是共识。我国法官的问责标准大致经历了错案责任制下的裁判结果标准、违法审判责任制下的违法审判行为标准、司法责任制下的违法审判行为标准的演变过程,作为问责标准的裁判结果,其作用呈现出一种不断弱化的趋势。完善司法责任制下的法官问责标准,法官问责应当以不当行为为标准,建构以违法审判行为为核心的不当行为体系。

The standard of accountability of judges in China has roughly experienced the evolution process of the standard of judgment result under system of responsibility for misjudged cases,the standard of illegal trial behavior under the system of responsibility for illegal trials and the standard of illegal trial behavior under the system of judicial responsibility.As the standard of accountability,the judgment result gradually plays an unimportant role in the judge's accountability.Misconduct should be regarded as the standard of judge's accountability.The misconduct system should be centered on illegal trial behavior.