高科技与文学创作的新变——中国马克思主义文学批评视域下的文学与科技关系研究

Literature Writing in the High-Tech Era

关于文学与科技的关系,人们多看到高科技对文学的冲击和造成的威胁,关于高科技对文学创作的革命性影响涉及较少。从科学技术作为生产力这一历史唯物主义的立场看,文学与科技的关系是一个"破坏和补偿"同时进行的过程,一方面高科技使传统文学的内容、结构和表达方式遭到瓦解,另一方面又为文学打开了新的窗口。高科技不仅刷新了人类对世界的认识,而且为文学创作带来了新的审美体验和想象,催生了新的文学样式和结构方式,并由此构成对文学观念的重构。同时,当代文学创作又需要保持对科技的反思与超越,提醒人们警惕科技的负面作用,并通过发挥文学的特性和优势,推进人类在高科技时代诗意地栖居。

Investigations into revolutionary and positive impacts of high technology on literature writing are overwhelmed by those into threatening and negative influences when the issue of how literature writing and technology are related with each other is addressed. From the perspective of historical materialism that acknowledges the productivity of science and technology,"refusal" and "compensation" coexist in the interaction of literature writing and scientific technology. Collapses of traditional contents, structure, and presentation parallel a newly-opened window for literature writing. Refreshing our understanding of the whole world, high-tech brings about not only new aesthetic experience and imagination but also innovative structure, form and genre, and thus inspires the reconstitution of literary concepts. At the same time, literature writing in the high-tech era requires reflection and transcendence. It is suggested that exertion of attributes and advantages of literature should work with constant vigilance against negative effects of high-tech to propel poetic dwelling in such a high-tech era.