罗马建城的历史书写与罗马人身份认同构建

The Historical Writing of the Rome City Construction and the Construction of Roman Identity

关于罗马建城的历史书写是塑造罗马国家形象和构建作为"罗马人"身份认同的渠道。围绕罗慕路斯建城的传统叙述从三个方面构建了"罗马人"观念:第一,关于双生子和母狼的传说,从地方传说升华内化为作为"罗马人"的文化标识;第二,萨宾妇女故事把"罗马人"构建为开放而非封闭的群体,罗马国家和社会是意大利人血缘与姻缘构筑的族网,是开放和多元社会;第三,罗慕路斯早期经历外化为与希腊文化联系的纽带,通过王统,罗马人成为希腊文化圈中的一员。公元前3世纪罗马历史书写中的这些要素一直被保留下来,到公元前1世纪,罗慕路斯成为罗马国家的缔造者、制度的制定者,罗马历史上的英雄,作为罗马人身份认同载体的使命业已完成,帝国神话取而代之。

The historical writing of the Romen city construction was a way of shaping the image of the Roman state and building the identity as a "Roman". The traditional narrative centering around the construction by Romulus built the concept of "Roman" from three aspects. Firstly,the legends about twins and female wolves were transformed from the local legends to the cultural identity as "Roman". Secondly,the Sabine woman’s story built the "Roman" into an open rather than a closed group. The Roman state and society were ethnic networks built by the blood and marriage of Italians, and were open and pluralistic. Thirdly,the early experience of Romulus was externalized as a link with Greek culture. Through the king’s lineage,the Romans became a member of the Greek cultural circle. These elements of Roman history in the 3 rd century BC had been preserved. By the 1 st century BC,Romulus became the founder and institutional maker of the Roman state,a hero in Roman history. As a carrier of Roman identity, the mission of Romulus was completed and then replaced by the imperial mythology.