乡镇社区老年人居家环境适老化水平的调查研究

Investigation on the elderly-oriented level of home environment among rural community older adults

目的探讨乡镇社区老年人居家环境适老化水平现况及影响因素,为促进乡镇社区老年人居家环境适老化改造提供依据。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样法抽取河北省乡镇社区老年人738人,并应用社区老年人居家环境适老化评价问卷进行调查。结果乡镇社区老年人居家环境适老化评分为(267.09±32.14)分,以均分为界高分组占48.78%,低分组占51.22%。居家环境各维度得分从低到高依次为室内活动、洗澡、修饰、如厕、出入口、洗衣、配套环境、休息、备餐/进餐。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,居住地区、是否为楼宇建筑及文化程度是老年居民居家环境适老化水平的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01),可解释总变异的27.80%。结论乡镇社区老年人居家环境适老化水平处于中等偏上水平,居住地区及楼宇建筑、文化程度是其主要影响因素。需加强农村地区、非楼宇居住基础条件建设,尤其对居家环境内室内活动等相关设施的改善,以提高社区老年人居家环境适老化水平。

Objective To investigate the elderly-oriented level of home environment among rural community older adults and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for promoting the elderly-oriented transformation of the home environment for this population.Methods A total of 738 community older adults in Hebei province were selected using stratified random sampling method, then they were investigated using the elderly-oriented level of home environment questionnaire.Results The score of the elderly-oriented level of home environment of the older adults was (267.09±32.14), when the average score of the questionnaire was used as the cutoff point, 48.78% elderly were in the high-bounded group, and other 51.22% were in the low-bounded group. The dimension score of home environment from low to high were: indoor activities, bathing, decoration, toilet, entrance and exit, laundry, supporting environment, rest, and meal preparation/meal. The multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that residential area, living in buildings or not, educational background were the main influencing factors for the elderly-oriented level of home environment among rural community older adults (P<0.05 , P<0.01), which accounted for 27.80 % of the total variance. Conclusion The elderly-oriented level of home environment among rural community older adults is at medium or above, residential area, living in buildings and educational background are its major influencing factors. It's necessary to strengthen the infrastructure construction of the country and non-building residential areas, especially to improve the indoor activity related facilities in the home environment, so as to increase the elderly-oriented level of home environment for community older adults.