惩罚、奖励与合作行为——基于礼物交换博弈实验的对比研究

Punishment,Reward,and Cooperative Behavior

引入惩罚和奖励机制的礼物交换博弈实验,研究惩罚和奖励是否会影响人们的合作行为,进而判断利用惩罚和奖励是否真的可以达到预期激励效果。通过基准实验局、惩罚实验局、奖励实验局、惩罚奖励实验局四种不同实验的对比分析,证实了惩罚和奖励确实影响人们的合作行为。研究发现:从企业的角度来说,企业拥有惩罚权利时,更愿意提供较高的工资;相比于单纯的惩罚或奖励机制,同时拥有惩罚和奖励双重机制时,企业提供的工资水平对工人的努力程度影响更大。从工人的角度来说,存在惩罚和奖励双重机制时,工人提供的努力程度对工人的收益影响最大。

The gift exchange game experiment of the punishment and reward mechanism is introduced to study whether the punishment and reward will affect people’s cooperative behavior,and then judge whether the punishment and reward can achieve the expected incentive effect.Through the comparative analysis of four different experiments,namely benchmark experiment game,punishment experiment game,reward experiment game and punishment reward experiment game,it is confirmed that punishment and reward do affect people’s cooperative behavior.The study found that:from the perspective of enterprises,they are more willing to offer higher wages when they have the right to punish.Compared with the pure punishment or reward mechanism,with both punishment and reward mechanism,the wage level provided by the enterprise has a greater impact on the level of workers’efforts.From the perspective of workers,when there is a dual mechanism of punishment and reward,the degree of effort provided by workers has the greatest impact on workers’benefits.