马尔库塞的技术之思及其当代意义

Marcuse's thought about technology and its contemporary significance

马尔库塞对技术的思考包括两个方面,其一是批判性,其二是理想性。第一个方面表现在马尔库塞对技术理性的批判上。他认为,在发达工业社会中技术理性已经实现了全面统治。技术理性的逻辑表现为肯定性思维战胜否定性思维,从而使社会变成一个单向度的极权社会。第二个方面表现在爱欲解放理论上。马尔库塞认为,要摆脱上述困境只有诉诸于爱欲的解放,爱欲的解放就是人的解放。从今天的眼光来看,马尔库塞对技术理性的批判具有一定的现实性、普遍性和前瞻性,而其理论中的理想性或乌托邦性质则被寄予了一种对未来的"新社会主义社会"的希望。

Marcuse’s thought about technology includes two aspects,one critical,and the other ideal.The first aspect is found in his critique of technological reason.Marcuse held that in the advanced industrial society technological reason has achieved its overall sovereignty.The logic of technological reason is represented by the victory of positive thinking over negative thinking,thus the society is transformed into a one-dimensional authoritarian one.The second aspect is shown in his theory of Eros liberation.Marcuse believed the only way to escape the above mentioned difficulty is to resort to the liberation of Eros.The liberation of Eros is the liberation of human beings.From today’s point of view,Marcuse’s critique of technological reason is realistic,universal and foresighted,and the ideal or utopian aspect of his theory can be thought to express some kind of hope toward a future new socialist society.