卓尼藏族婚嫁“打巴奥”歌的文本及相关问题研究

An Interpretation of the Existentialism of Zhuoni Tibetan Crying Songs

"打巴奥"是甘肃甘南藏族自治州卓尼县"三格毛"藏族女子出嫁时,在婚礼仪式上所唱的哭嫁歌。本文搜集、整理并呈现了"打巴奥"歌的完整汉译文本,并对此文本每部分内容及民俗事象作了简要分析,将"打巴奥"歌与西南彝族、土家族、仡佬族等少数民族的哭嫁歌做对照,发现"打巴奥"歌是以对亲人的感恩和对未来婆家的生活想象为主要内容;文学特性上不见民歌惯用的比兴手法,而是采用"赋"的铺陈来直抒胸中臆,长于抒情叙事。同时也发现"打巴奥"歌在藏族传统的婚嫁习俗中长期存在的缘由,哭唱能够缓解女子出嫁时因身份转变而出现的紧张与焦虑情绪,藏族妇女隐忍、服从于家庭的品格通过哭嫁歌得以传承,对传统大家庭的和谐稳定有一定的积极意义。

"Da Ba’ao" is Gansu Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Zhuoni County "San GeMao" Tibetan women married,wedding ceremony in the singing of the crying song.This article first collects,collates and presents the complete translation of the song of "Da Ba’ao" song,and makes a brief analysis of each part of the text and folklore.And then the "Da Ba’ao" song and the southwest Yi,Tujia,Gelao and other ethnic groups crying song made a comparative analysis and found that "Da Ba’ao" song is the gratitude of their loved ones and the future of her husband’s life to imagine The main ideological content;literary characteristics of the folk songs do not see the usual way than the way,but the use of " Fu" to lay out the straight to express,longer than the lyrical narrative.But also found that " Da Ba’ao" song in the Tibetan traditional marriage customs in the long-standing reasons,crying to ease the woman when married because of the change in status and anxiety and anxiety,Tibetan women will be tolerated,subject to the family’s character Through the weeping song to inheritance,which the traditional family harmony and stability have a certain positive significance.