西方的冲击与近代东方外交体制的自我调整

The western shock and self-adaption of modern oriental diplomatic institution

从16世纪初葡萄牙人占领马六甲王国,东方国家走向近代外交开始,到19世纪末叶,东方封建大国中国、印度王公各邦,东南亚、西亚、中东地区的各个伊斯兰王国,几乎所有国家都成为西方掠夺与奴役的对象,在政治、经济与外交方面接受西方的体制与行为规则。既要看到欧美国家对东方古老社会的解体与变异所产生的历史性影响,又要看到东方国家奔向近代的内因条件。不承认欧美国家对东方国家近代历史进程的影响是非客观的态度,只承认欧美国家的影响而看不到东方国家走向近代的必然趋势也是非科学的态度。

From the early of the 16 th Century when Portuguese people occupation of Melaka Sultanate began the modern diplomacy of Oriental countries till the end of the19 th Century,almost all the oriental countries,whether they are feudal empire of China,Indian Kingdoms,or Islamic Kingdoms dispersed over Southeast Asia,West Asia and Middle East,have been plundered and enslaved by the West and imposed on western institution and rules in political,economical and diplomatic realm.The interaction calls for analysis not only of historic influence from the western countries on the collapse and transformation the the oriental countries,but also of those countries’ intrinsic factors and conditions,for which it would neither be objective to deny the western influence on the course of oriental history,nor scientific to turn blind on the irresistible modernization trend apart from the former.