时间·人格·自我图式——《无声告白》与创伤认知叙事新范式

Time, Personality, and Self-schema: Everything I Never Told You and the Paradigm of Trauma Cognitive Narrative

当代美国华裔作家伍绮诗的小说《无声告白》将创伤叙事植入悬疑小说框架,构建了创伤认知叙事新范式。小说通过叙事时间塑形,预设"讲述"、"体验"和"反思"三种视角框架,充分调动叙事化过程中叙述者、人物和读者意识的认知参与,强化对创伤根源、后果及疗治路径的深层认知。叙事刻意凸显情境时间和臆想时间,勾勒出受创者的时间人格与自我图式表征。同时,小说迂回往复的叙事时间塑造了体验时间和自由时间,形成对莉迪亚一家时间洞察力缺失的对抗和纠偏,揭示人物与读者最终形成觉知化与洞见化自我图式的可能性及路径。在伍绮诗看来,创伤疗治实则是一场在体验与自由时间内修复时间人格、回归真实自我和重塑自我图式的认知之旅。

In Everything I Never Told You, Celeste Ng posits trauma narrative within the framework of a suspense novel and formulates the paradigm of trauma cognitive narrative. By means of time configuration, this novel presupposes three perspective schemata, i.e. telling, experiencing and reflecting, which give full play to the cognitive participation of the narrator, the characters, and the readers. The perspective schemata also initiate and promote trauma cognition in terms of its root cause, consequences, and ways to trauma healing. The narrative calls attention to the situational and imaginative time and maps out the problematic time perspective and self-schema of the traumatized. Meanwhile,the multi-layered time narrative reconfigures the experiential and free time, which not only serves as a narrative confrontation against the Lydia family’s incapability of forming a coherent and insightful view of time, but also explores the possibilities and means for the characters and readers to reconstruct perceptive and insightful self-schemata. For Celeste Ng, the process of trauma healing is one in which the individuals journey into the true selves and strive for personality cultivation and self-schema reconstruction within the experiential and free time.