清代前中期戏曲的商业出版略论

On The Commercial publication of Traditional Operas in The Early and Middle Qing Dynasty

清代前中期戏曲的商业出版十分发达,其特征主要有五:一是技术和需求的细化导致刻、印、售分离明显;二是重印旧版现象层出不穷;三是出版范围逐渐集中于少数几部作品;四是因政治环境和社会风气的变更,插图品质逐步退化;五是在昆腔以外,出现了其他地方戏曲文本的刊刻。虽然清代前中期的坊刻戏曲质量总体上较前明有所不如,但在刻书数量和刻书地域上皆有突出的表现,在客观上扩大了戏曲传播的范围,为古典戏曲的传承起到了积极作用,拓宽了戏曲文学的发展渠道,真实反映了那个时代的戏曲生存环境。

The commercial publishing of operas in the early and middle period of the Qing Dynasty was much developed. There are five main features: First, the separation of engraving, printing and selling was obvious due to the refinement of technology and demand. Second, the phenomenon of reprinting old editions emerged in endlessly. Third, the scope of publication was gradually concentrated in a few works. Fourth, due to the change of political environment and social atmosphere, the quality of the picture gradually deteriorated. Five, there were other parts of the opera text outside the Kunqu Opera. Although, the quality of opera in the early and middle Qing dynasty was worse than that in the early Ming dynasty, but there were outstanding performances in the number of engraved books and the area of engraved books, which objectively expanded the scope of opera dissemination, played a positive role in the inheritance of classical opera, and broadened the channels for the development of opera literature, and truly reflected the living environment of the opera in that era.