从信仰到创作——19世纪拿撒勒画派的宗教底色

From Faith to Creation:The Religious Background of Nazarene School in the 19th Century

拿撒勒画派是19世纪上半叶欧洲画坛具有特殊影响的艺术团体,奥韦尔贝克与他的跟随者们不满当时欧洲画坛盛行的新古典主义和系统的学院艺术教育,拒绝那些表面上充斥着“精湛技艺”的绘画;他们的艺术创作以虔诚的宗教信仰为基础,希望回归到能体现精神价值的艺术,并在中世纪晚期和文艺复兴早期的艺术家中寻找灵感,但也因此而受到“艺术退步”的指责以及在美术史书写上的不公对待。事实上,他们“特立独行”的创作主张与“和而不同”的艺术表现,既让人们对中世纪艺术有了更进一步的认知,也对其后的“拉斐尔前派”产生着相关影响。

Nazarene School is an art group with special influence on the European art circle in the first half of the 19th century. For Johann Friedrich Overbeck and his followers were discontented with the prevailing neoclassicism and systematic academic art education in the European art circle at that time, they rejected those paintings full of seeming exquisite skills. Based on che religious beliefs, their art creation focused on the returning to the spiritual values and was inspired by the artists in the lace Middle Ages or early Renaissance. Therefore, their artworks were accused of Kthe retrogression of artw and subject to the unfair treatment in the art history. In face, their "maverick" creative claims, and "harmonious but different" artistic expression not only made people have a further understanding of medieval art, but also had a related Influence on the later "Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood".