国内外食品营养强化法规标准的比较研究

A Comparative Study on Food Fortification Regulations and Standards in China and Foreign Countries

食品营养强化是现阶段解决人群营养素缺乏的重要途径之一。自20世纪40年代起,许多国家和地区相继出台了各自的食品营养强化法规及标准,这对促进食品营养强化产业的发展发挥着重要的指导性作用。食品营养强化标准主要根据目标人群营养状况、膳食结构、预期营养改善程度、营养素安全性、科学性以及国际贸易等因素制定,并且能够根据实施效果的动态监测数据及时进行调整。该文通过对美国、加拿大、菲律宾、澳大利亚、新西兰及中国的食品营养强化原则和强化标准进行比较分析,提出可以借鉴其他国家经验,引导我国食品营养强化行业的发展;为避免营养素摄入不足或过量应分人群规定营养素强化水平;建立食品营养强化法规标准有助于营养强化食品的推广和普及;一些新兴食品产业如生物强化食品等相关营养标准也亟待建立,以规范市场秩序及满足广大居民的营养需求。

Food fortification is one of the most important ways to solve the problem of nutritional deficiency in the population at present. Since 1940s,many countries and regions issued their own food fortification regulations and standards,and these played a significant guiding role in developing food fortification industry. Food fortification regulations and standards were developed mainly based on factors such as the nutritional status of the target population,dietary pattern,expected nutritional improvement level,safety of nutrients,scientificity and international trade,and could be timely adjusted according to the dynamic monitoring and evaluation results of nutritional improvement effects. In this paper,food fortification regulations and standards in United States,Canada,Philippines,Australia,New Zealand,China were briefly analyzed. It pointed out that China could learn from the experience of other countries to guide the development of food fortification industry;in order to avoid insufficient or excessive nutrient intake,food fortification level should be clearly defined by different population;the establishment of food fortification regulations and standards is conducive to the promotion and popularization of fortified foods;some emerging food industries,such as biofortified food standards,also need to establish regulations and standards urgently to regulate the market and meet the needs of the general population.