论《美国-墨西哥-加拿大协定》背景、新变化及对中国的影响

The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA): Background, New Changes and Potential Impacts on China

《美国-墨西哥-加拿大协定》是特朗普就任美国总统后达成的重要贸易协定谈判成果。它体现出特朗普政府最新贸易谈判策略,预计会对美国即将与日本、欧盟和脱欧后的英国等经济体进行的贸易谈判,以至于世界贸易组织的改革走向产生示范效应。首先,通过论述《北美自由贸易协定》在历史上对美加墨三国的影响,认为它为北美经济一体化做出了重要贡献,但是也存在一些争议。然后,通过分析美国与加拿大和墨西哥在协定重新谈判中的利益博弈,以及《美国-墨西哥-加拿大协定》的文本特点和新变化,认为它维持了原《北美自由贸易协定》的基本框架,吸收和改进了《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》关于电子商务、知识产权、国有企业、竞争和监管等内容,并且加入了一些针对中国的专门条款。这些新变化需要我方认真研究对策,以消除《美国-墨西哥-加拿大协定》对我国对外经贸环境可能带来的负面影响。

As one of the most important trade deals that the Trump administration has accomplished since Donald Trump took office as the president of the United States, the United States . Mexico . Canada Agreement (USMCA) reflects the latest trade negotiation strategy of the United States. It is expected that this new agreement have a demonstration effect on the United States' incoming trade deal negations with Japan, the European Union and Britain, it will also shed lights on the future reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This paper first discusses the historical impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on the three countries involved, showing that it has substantially contributed to the economic integration in the region, albeit some controversies. Then, the paper turns to analyze the United States9 bargaining process with Canada and Mexico in the NAFTA renegotiations, and the textual characteristics of USMCA. It holds that USMCA maintains the basic framework of the former NAFTA, but it takes reference from the latest contents of the Trans . Pacific Partnership (TPP) such as digital trade, intellectual property rights, state . owned enterprises, competition and good regulatory practices. Some specific provisions targeting China's competition are also added. Plainly, more attention needs to be paid to these new changes of USMCA so that proper countermeasures could be introduced to minimize its negative impact on China's foreign trade, investment and more generally, external economic environment.