董事会人数违限的规范适用研究

The Study on the Rules of the Violation of the Regulations on the Number of Directors

公司法强制规制公司董事会人数的上下限,是我国公司法的一项特色规范安排。关于此规范的司法适用,一方面在法解释论上,宜将其解释为自治性强制规范,违法的后果仅限于引发进一步的公司自治行为,不当然带来包括司法强制、行政强制在内的国家强制,由此可以更具适应性的安排法律救济措施,消解国家强制介入,守护公司自治的宝贵空间;另一方面,强制规制董事会规模的规范模式是一项无效率的制度安排,不仅增加公司的守法成本,还可能增加执法成本,引发策略性滥诉与选择性执法等诸问题,理想的规范模式是:区分公司类型而确立宽严不一的规制模式,同时将法律规制的重点转移到确立董事会人数的程序规则,确保当选董事人数的合法性,消除法律的不确定性。

Compulsory regulation of the upper and lower limits of the number o￡ directors is a characteristic normative arrangement of the Company Law in China. On the judicial application of this norm,on one hand, in legal hermeneutics, it should be interpreted as a compulsory norm of autonomy. The consequences of violating this regulation are limited to triggering certain acts of corporate autonomy,rather than causing state compulsory acts such as judicial compulsory acts or administrative compulsory acts. Thus, we can arrange legal remedies more adaptably, eliminate the compulsory intervention of the state and protect the precious space of corporate autonomy. On the other hand, the normative model of mandatory regulation of the board size is an inefficient institutional arrangement , which not only increases the cost of company's compliance with the law, but also may increase the cost of law enforcement, triggering strategic indiscriminate lawsuits and selective law enforcement. The ideal normative mode system is to distinguish the types of companies and establish different regulatory modes. At the same time, the focus of legal regulation should be shifted to the establishment of procedural rules for the number of board members ,so as to ensure the legitimacy of the number of elected directors and eliminate the uncertainty of the law.