里耶秦简所见秦代地方官吏的徭使

On the Official Business of Local Officials in Qin Dynasty from theLiye Strips of Qin

里耶秦简所载迁陵官吏外出公干的任务主要包括上计、押解护送各类人员、运送各类物资、为官府采购、上事郡府等,类型相当多样。由于位置偏远,尤其是离洞庭郡治有相当距离,迁陵官吏徭使离县时间通常要超过一个月,甚至有接近半年的情形。由此造成迁陵官吏统计记录中徭使者的比例相当高。官吏频繁徭使会使县廷的行政运作受到影响,进而影响帝国统治的稳固,汉代的制度设计已经有减少官吏徭使的意图。

According to the records onLiye Strips of Qin, the tasks of Qinling officials mainly include report administrative achievement, escort all kinds of personnel, transport all kinds of materials, make purchases for government, ask for instruction from county government, etc. The tasks are quite diverse. Because of its remote location, especially the distance from Dongting county, Qianling officials often spend more than a month and even nearly half a year away from the county on their official business. As a result, the proportion of Qianling officials that on official business is quit high. Officials taking frequent trips may affect the administrative operation of the county and the stability of the empire. The system design of Han dynasty already has the intention of reducing the official business.