吴简大姓与六朝湘州土著族群

Big Families and Indigenous Communities

依据长沙走马楼吴简中所记载的大量吏民姓名,以及湖南出土的其他简牍材料,可以确知汉晋之际长沙郡及周边地区已经形成了具有显著地域特征的姓氏结构。这一姓氏结构稳定存续数百年之后,在六朝隋唐之际发生了剧烈变动。以潘、张、邓、李等姓为代表的吴简大姓不见于唐代氏族志所列的长沙郡"四姓""著姓"中。究其根源,秦汉以来以长沙郡地区的编户化进程,造成了土著族群种落的分化,削弱了土著酋豪的势力。而至南朝后期,涵括汉晋长沙郡辖境的湘州,成为上游军阀王琳的根据地,而湘州大姓酋豪也多依附于王琳,与下游陈霸先集团展开对江左政权的争夺。随着王琳在军事上的败北,他们也遭到重创,并在随后陈朝内部的政治斗争中遭到进一步的打击,再难复振,入唐以后自然不预著姓之列。

The unearthed Zoumalou bamboo clips demonstrated that as early as the Han-Jin transition there were well-established prominent families living in the region of Changsha. Then drastic changes took place in the Six Dynasties,Sui and Tang,when big families such as Pan,Zhang,Deng and Li were excluded from the list of powerful hereditary houses. The reasons were multifarious. The household registration furthered the differentiation of indigenous population;and the competition between regional warlords weakened the established big families.