佛教与晚明士绅社会形成之再观察——以休宁仰山为例

Buddhism and the Late Ming's Gentry Society: Mount Yang in Xiuning

仰山地处休宁僻壤,以宝公祠、龙湫求雨闻名周边。后经火灾,毁于一旦。明隆庆三年,在程、吴、毕宗族与地方僧人合力下,重建仰山。万历十二年,性觉、性玉重新规划仰山,增强仰山佛教底蕴,获得官方封赠。在僧人文石、遍空、夜台以及文人士绅的帮助下,仰山由一个荒芜之地、权力空地,变成了以佛教为中心,程氏、吴氏主导,地方官府引导,融汇祈愿、求福、降雨、念佛、声望、控制等各种愿望祈求在一起的区域。在其形成过程中,宗族里社、文人士绅、佛教僧众、地方官府等力量交织在一起,地方权力与社会阶层在这狭窄的空间中看起来分离,但内在的联系与控制更为紧密。

The local gentries and monasteries collaboratively rehabilitated the Mount Yang in the Longqing reign.Then the Ming government in the Wanli reign officially recognized this mount’s Buddhist significance.Thanks to the efforts made by some prominent monks and powerful clans,the Mount Yang grew into a regional center,wherein the religious and social power were blended. Outwardly the social classes and local power were separated there;but in fact,both were tightly interwoven.