马相伯与耶稣会博弈下的震旦学院(1903—1905)

Aurora Institute Embroiled in the Game between Ma Xiangbo and the Society of Jesus: A Non-Nationalist Interpretation

震旦学院由华籍耶稣会士马相伯于1903年创立,不仅是其为振兴中国所做的努力,也体现了其学贯中西的文化熏陶。伴随着办学成功,外籍耶稣会士从旁观者转变为参与者再到争夺者,角色发生了根本变化。双方在教育理念上不可调和的矛盾最终导致学院于1905年3月解散。震旦学院的发展历程并非是中外教徒之间简单的二元对立,而是文化传播者与接受者之间交流、冲突与妥协的协商过程。马相伯与外籍耶稣会士对"西学"的认知差异导致了双方不同的精英培养策略。外籍会士希冀以制度治校代替个人管理,进而在山头林立的天主教修会竞争中占有一席之地。震旦学院领导权之争反映了中国近代化进程与中国知识精英个人经历、天主教修会策略之间的紧密关系。

The Aurora Institute,which was founded by Joseph Ma Xiangbo in 1903,was an embodiment not only of the effort to rehabilitate China but also of the founder’s mastery of the Chinese and Western knowledge.The Society of Jesus’ s interventions resulted in the Institute’s collapse in 1905. Aurora’s short-livedness did not reflect the simplistic binary opposition between the Chinese and foreign Catholics,but instead shed revealing light on the course wherein the cultural disseminators and recipients commuted,conflicted and compromised with each other.