POI数据下的兰州市城区犯罪分布环境分析

An Analysis of the Distribution of Crimes in Urban Districts of Lanzhou Based on POI Data

针对城市犯罪分布环境的研究问题,本文基于兰州市的犯罪统计数据,结合POI大数据,使用空间统计和GIS空间分析方法提取了兰州市3种类型犯罪的热点区,并进一步使用POI数据探索了犯罪热点区内的环境特征。结果表明:1)兰州市4个城区内犯罪分布情况不同,主要集中在人口较多的黄河南岸,其中又以西站、西湖公园、"西关十字—南关十字"一线、西固城步行街等区域为主,城关区作为中心城区,犯罪行为分布范围广,犯罪高发区多。2) 3类犯罪热点区的设施点环境多数是多类型POI设施共同主导,少数是单类型POI设施主导,但起主导作用的POI类型都能反映出对应的主要犯罪类型对城市环境的要求特点。3) 3类犯罪对人流、财富以及场所隐蔽性的趋向性不同,并在对应环境的POI分布特征中得到体现。

Based on the criminal statistic data of Lanzhou city and the POI data,this paper uses spatial statistics and GIS spatial analysis method to extract the hotspots of three types of crime in Lanzhou City,and further explores the use of POI data to research the urban crime distribution environment. Environmental Characteristics in Hot Spots. The results show that: 1) The distribution of criminals in the four districts of Lanzhou is different,mainly concentrated in the south bank of the Yellow River with more population,including"Xizhan","Xihu"Park,"Xiguan-Nanguan"Cross,"Xigu Cheng"Pedestrian Street District,"Chengguan"District as the central city,a wide range of criminal distribution,high incidence of crime and more. 2) The environment in types of crime hotspots are dominated by different factors,most are dominated by multi-POI types,some are dominated by a single POI type. However,the dominant POI types can reflect the characteristics of the corresponding main types of crime to the urban environment. 3) The tendency of the three kinds of crime to the crowd,wealth and place hidden is different,and it is reflected in the corresponding POI distribution characteristic of the environment.