司马睿与东晋皇权政治述论

On Sima Rui and Imperial Power Politics in the Eastern Jin Dynasty

西晋末年,八王之乱、永嘉之乱直接引发了司马氏皇权的严重危机。素有大志且隐忍持重的琅琊王司马睿,鉴于天下形势,暗中图谋皇权,通过依附东海王司马越和获得琅琊大族王导的辅佐,得以出镇江东。司马睿立足江东,积极与居于江东的南北门阀士族合作,无情剿灭反对力量,大力加强军政实力,树立起代表司马皇室与南北门阀大族利益共主以及奉天承命的正统气象,从而在西晋覆亡后较为顺利地在江东重建司马氏皇朝。司马睿登上皇位后,致力于重振皇权,在政治、经济、文化等方面实施新政。尤其是调整“王与马共天下”式的权力结构,抑制琅琊王氏势力。司马睿重振皇权的努力,虽然最后因以王敦为代表的士族集团反击而失败,但也由此奠定了东晋一朝以皇帝为中心的皇权政治格局。司马睿是精通帝王术且有较高政治智慧的人物。

In the late Western Jin Dynasty, the rebellion of Eight Kings and Yongjia directly triggered a serious crisis of Sima’s imperial power. In view of the situation, Sima Rui, the ambitious and tolerant king of Langya, secretly plotted for imperial power. By relying on Sima Yue, king of the East China Sea, and assisted by Wang Dao of the Langya clan, he was able to dominate the Jiangdong area. In Jiangdong, Sima Rui actively cooperated with the local aristocratic clans, mercilessly suppressed the opposition forces, vigorously strengthened military and political strength, and established the orthodox atmosphere of representing the interests of Sima royal family and the aristocratic clans, thus smoothly rebuilding Sima Royal Dynasty in Jiangdong after the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty. When Sima Rui ascended the throne, he devoted himself to reinvigorating the imperial power and carrying out new policies in politics, economy and culture. In particular, the adjustment of the power structure mutually managed by Wang and Ma will suppress the Wang’s forces. Sima Rui’s efforts to restore the imperial power failed in the end due to the counterattack of the aristocratic clans represented by Wang Dun, but these efforts helped establish the political pattern of imperial power centered on the emperor in the East Jin Dynasty. Sima Rui is a person who is proficient in monarchy and has high political wisdom.