乡村振兴背景下农村人力资源困局与对策研究

The Predicament and Countermeasure of Rural Human Resources under the Background of Rural Revitalization

人是实施乡村振兴战略的第一要素,然而当前我国农村却出现了较为严重的人力资源困局:农村劳动力大量向城市流动,人力资源存量和增量锐减,人力资源结构严重失衡和低质化,人力资源配置和利用低效化,乡村缺少人气与活力,日渐凋敝,农业后继乏人。政府应以乡村振兴战略的实施为契机,着力破解这一困局,针对造成这种局面的原因,制定和实行以下政策措施:在全社会开展乡土文化宣传教育,培养人们对乡村的感情;提升农村人力资源的综合素质和专业技能,优化农村人力资源结构;加强农村基层干部队伍建设,培育乡村振兴的顶梁柱和带路人;创新思路和方法,深度发掘和充分利用农村外部人才资源;加快推进制度建设和机制创新,优化农村产业结构和市场体系,让乡村充满商机和活力;完善农村财税政策和金融服务,支持农民工返乡创业就业,助推乡村业兴人旺;加快农村基本设施建设及社会事业和公共服务发展,改善农村生产生活条件。

At present there are serious dilemmas about human resources in rural areas of our country: the flow of the rural labor force to the cities in large quantities,the sharp decrease of the human resources stock,the unbalanced structure and low-quality,the inefficient allocation and utilization. The whole countryside lacks popularity and vitality,and the agriculture is becoming increasingly depressed. The rural revitalization is an opportunity for the local government to explore reasons for and solutions to the dilemmas. This paper suggests that the following policies and measures should be formulated and implemented: cultivating people’s feelings towards the countryside;improving the comprehensive quality and professional skills of rural human resources;optimizing the structure;cultivating the pillars and guides of rural revitalization;making full use of rural external talent resources;accelerating system construction and mechanism innovation and optimizing rural industrial structure and markets;perfecting rural fiscal and taxation policies and financial services to encourage migrant workers to return home to start their own businesses or employment. Finally rapid construction of the rural infrastructure and development of social undertakings and public services will help improve rural production and living conditions.