服务业技术效率与财政补贴

Technical Efficiency of Service Industry and Fiscal Subsidy

本文根据2004—2016年中国13个服务业行业的面板数据,构建固定效应随机前沿模型测度服务业的技术效率,实证分析财政补贴对服务业技术效率的影响,并采用反事实计量测度财政补贴增长对技术效率提升和产出增长的实际贡献。研究结果表明:财政补贴对服务业技术效率具有促进作用,并且对大规模企业的效果更为显著,从而拉大服务业企业之间的效率差距;生产性服务业的技术前沿面和生产率更高,虽然技术效率会造成各行业之间的生产率差异,但行业市场机会更具有决定性的因素,效率的改善不足以扭转服务业生产率之间的差距;从时间维度来看,财政补贴增长带来的效率与产出提升程度越来越高。

Based on the panel data of 13 service industries in China from 2004 to 2016,this paper constructs a fixed-effect stochastic frontier model to measure the technical efficiency of the service industry,empirically analyzes the impact of fiscal subsidies on the technical efficiency of the service industry,and use counterfactual measurements to measure the actual contribution of fiscal subsidy growth to technological efficiency and output growth.Research indicates:fiscal subsidies can promote the technical efficiency of service industry,and the effect on large-scale enterprises is more significant,thus widening the efficiency gap between service enterprises;the technological frontier and productivity of the producer service industry are higher,although the technical efficiency will cause productivity differences between industries,the market opportunity of the industry is more decisive,and the improvement of efficiency is not enough to reverse the gap between service industry productivity;from the perspective of time,the efficiency and output improvement brought by the growth of fiscal subsidies is getting higher and higher.