随机森林模型分析大学生体质健康影响因素:来源于同济大学568名学生的问卷调查

Factors influencing physical health of college students analyzed by random forest model: questionnaires of 568 students from Tongji University

背景:由于影响大学生体质因素复杂多样,且各影响因素之间有直接或间接相关作用,许多隐性因素常被忽略。大部分影响因素的研究分析往往是对影响因素做了“归纳”,较少对于不同维度影响因素的“影响力”进行分析。目的:运用随机森林模型分析大学生体质健康影响因素。方法:对同济大学568名大学生进行问卷调查,包括godin的休闲运动锻炼问卷/量表、期望价值理论量表、2X2成就目标理论量表、计划行为理论量表、健康相关的生活质量量表、久坐的工作日量表、CES-D抑郁量表、皮茨伯格睡眠质量量表、饮食方面(自编)。结合体质健康测试,包括身高、体质量、肺活量、坐位体前屈、1min仰卧起坐(女)、引体向上(男)、立定跳远、50m、800m(女)、1000m(男)指标。建立随机森林模型对影响因素进行降维,再用皮尔森相关分析对降维后的变量进行相关性分析,找到重要影响因素及重要影响因素之间的相互作用。结果与结论:①由随机森林模型发现在影响身体体质健康因素中,运动动机方面影响力最大,尤其是内在动机方面;②对心理健康方面影响最为突出的是健康相关生活质量方面的社会心理因素;③每周运动量直接影响大学生身体和心理两方面健康;④相关性分析中发现花费精力因素(被包括在期望价值理论中)常被忽略,行为意图的清晰程度直接影响知觉行为控制;⑤结果说明,运动动机对大学生身体体质健康影响程度最大,尤其是内在动机影响更深远。需加强花费影响因素的实证研究;大学生抑郁倾向比例越来越高,在关于大学生体质健康方面研究中不可忽略心理干预,可从健康相关生活质量和每周运动量两方面进行干预。

BACKGROUND:Factors affecting physique of college students are various,factors correlate with each other directly or indirectly,and many hidden factors are neglected usually.There are many studies summarizing the influencing factors,but the influence at different dimensions is little reported.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the influencing factors of physical health of college students with random forest model.METHODS:Totally 568 college students from Tongji University were surveyed using questionnaires,including Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire,expectancy-value,achievement goal,theory of planned behavior,health related quality of life,sedentary behavior,simplified depression CES-D,Pittsburgh sleep quality index,and diet(self-made)and combine with physical fitness test scores,such as height,body mass,lung capacity,sit and reach,1-minute sit-up(female),pull-up(male),50 and 800-m(female)and 1 000-m standing broad jump.Firstly,we reduced dimensions of influence factors using random forest model.Then,the correlation among the dimensionality reduction variable was analyzed by Pearson relativity to find the important influence factor and their interactions.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Sports motivation was a very important factor to influence college fitness health.(2)Psychosocial factor of health related quality of life was a very important factor to influence college psychological health.(3)Physical activity every week influenced directly fitness and psychological health.(4)The cost(included in Expectancy-value theory)factor was usually ignored,and the intention factor influence directly perceived behavior control.(5)In summary,sports motivation is the most important factor to affect body fitness,especially inner motivation.The study on cost needs to be studied in depth.The depressive tendency ratio is becoming high in college students,and mental health intervention cannot be ignored.Interventions can be made through health related quality of life and physical activity every week.