脑卒中康复患者肥胖及膳食营养调查

Obesity and Dietary Nutrition in Stroke Patients during Rehabilitation

目的观测脑卒中康复患者住院期间的肥胖发生情况,评估膳食营养。方法对2015年11月至2018年6月住院的脑卒中康复患者115例进行身高、体质量、体型测定和膳食调查。将患者分为18～49岁(n=41)、50～64岁(n=54)和≥65岁(n=20)三组。结果各组超重/肥胖和腹型肥胖发生率均较高,其中超重/肥胖率三组间有显著性差异(χ~2=6.978, P <0.05),腹型肥胖率组间无显著性差异(χ~2=3.290, P> 0.05)。各组膳食中能量、碳水化物、维生素B_1、维生素B_2、维生素E、钙、钾、镁、硒实际摄入量均低于推荐量(t> 2.548, P <0.05);胆固醇、铁、磷、铜摄入量高于推荐量(t> 2.476, P <0.05)。18～49岁组和50～64岁组蛋白质和脂肪摄入量高于推荐量(t> 2.041, P <0.05);18～49岁组烟酸摄入量大于推荐量(t=2.239, P <0.05)。结论为住院脑卒中康复患者制订营养干预计划时,要保证能量合理供应,适当提高碳水化合物摄入量,降低脂肪量,注意蛋白质、钙、铁、维生素和膳食纤维等营养素的摄入。

Objective To observe the condition of obesity and dietary nutrition for stroke patients accepting rehabilitation.Methods From November,2015 to June,2018,115 inpatients were investigated their height,body mass,somatotype and dietary.They were divided into 18-49 year-old group(n=41),50-64 year-old group(n=54)and≥65 year-old group(n=20).Results The ratio of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity were high in all the groups.There were significant differences in the overweight/obesity ratio among the three groups(χ^2=6.978,P<0.05),but not in abdominal obesity ratio(χ^2=3.290,P>0.05).Their intake of energy,carbohydrate,vitamin B1,vitamin B2,vitamin E,calcium,potassium,magnesium and selenium in all the groups was less than the recommendation(t>2.548,P<0.05),while the intake of cholesterol,iron,phosphorus and copper was more(t>2.476,P<0.05).The intake of protein and fat was more than the recommendation in the 18-49 year-old and the 50-64 year-old groups(t>2.041,P<0.05),and the intake of niacin was more than the recommendation in the 18-49 year-old group(t=2.239,P<0.05).Conclusion For stroke inpatients accepting rehabilitation,it is necessary to supply dietary with suitable energy,enough carbohydrate,less fat,and sufficient protein,calcium,iron,vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin B2 and dietary fiber in the diet.