简单、复杂劳动获得禀赋是否影响人们的亲社会行为

Does Simple and Complex Labor Gain Endowment Affect People's Prosocial Behavior?

马克思提出生产商品的劳动可以区分为简单劳动和复杂劳动,且复杂劳动等于倍加的简单劳动。然而,从事不同劳动的人在亲社会行为方面是否会有差别?采用实验经济学的方法,通过扩展的独裁者博弈实验(真实的捐赠活动)探讨以不同的劳动方式获得初始禀赋后是否会影响人们的亲社会行为,实验结果表明:简单劳动实验组和复杂劳动实验组中被试的捐赠比例并不存在显著的差异。这说明人们的亲社会行为是广泛存在的,并不显著地依赖于初始禀赋的获得方式,论证了微观个体是受社会因素影响的适度社会化的人。实验经济学可以为马克思主义实证研究提供一种新的技术方法,为验证"人是社会的产物"以及研究社会主义分配机制等问题提供技术支持。

Marx proposed that labor for producing goods can be divided into simple labor and complex labor,and complex labor is doubled simple labor.However,will there be a difference in prosocial behavior among people engaged in different jobs?The experimental economics method is applied in this paper to explore whether the initial gain endowment with different labor methods will affect people’s prosocial behavior according to the extended dictator game experiment(real donation activities).The experimental result indicates that there is no significant difference in the proportion of endowment between simple labor experimented group and complex labor experimented group.It is obvious that people’s prosocial behavior widely exists and it does not significantly depend on the way in which the initial endowment is obtained.It demonstrates that the micro-individual is a moderately socialized person affected by social factors.Experimental economics can provide a new technical method for Marxist empirical research,and provide technical support for verifying that"people are the products of society"and studying socialist distribution mechanisms.