我国城镇居民财产差距及财产分化问题研究

Research on the Property Disparity and Property Differentiation of Urban Residents in China

财产对于居民财富及财富差距扩大的影响不像资本那样直接转换为对生产力的投资,而是作为个体禀赋在劳动力市场中实现转化,通过改变劳动者个体禀赋而带来收入差异,进而扩大劳动者的收入差距。某种意义上讲,收入差距中排第一位的是财产差距,其次才是劳动者的能力素质带来的收入差距。利用中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS)进行测算,研究我国城镇居民财产分布、财产差距及财产差距变动趋势,分析居民财产分化中的主要影响因素。研究表明,我国城镇居民家庭财产多样化程度较低,过于集中在净房产上,净房产对家庭净财产差距扩大的影响程度较大,房价成为推动居民财产差距扩大的罪魁祸首。

The impact of property on residents’wealth and wealth gap expansion is not directly converted into investment in productivity as capital.It is converted in the labor market as an individual endowment.The income gap of laborers is expanded because of the change of the individual endowment of laborers.In a sense,the proper gap ranks the first in the income gap and the second is the income gap caused by the ability and quality of workers.Based on the Chinese Family Tracking Survey Data(CFPS),a study is conducted in this paper to explore the distribution of property,the property gap and the trend of property gap of urban residents in China and analyze the major influencing factors in the differentiation of residents’property.The result indicates that the diversification of urban households in China is low,and it is too concentrated on net real estate.The net real estate has a greater impact on the widening of the net property gap of the family.Housing prices have become the main reason for the expansion of the property gap.