国内外旅游扶贫效应研究进展

On China and Foreign Countries' Research on Poverty Alleviation Effects of Tourism

旅游扶贫效应作为评估旅游在扶贫中的作用与效果的重要内容,引起了国内外广泛关注。基于CNKI的核心、CSSCI及Web of Science核心合集数据库,以检索到的国内外发表于1997-2017年间与旅游扶贫效应相关文献作为研究对象,运用CiteSpace软件对检索的数据进行关键词共现分析,以了解国内外相关领域研究热点,然后从影响旅游扶贫效应因素、扶贫效应评价的内容、时空分异、研究方法等方面进行回顾与梳理。结果表明:旅游扶贫经济影响、社区参与、可持续发展等方面是国内外研究共同关注的热点,但是国外更注重贫困人口的生计、多样性保护等方面的内容;对于旅游扶贫效应的影响因素也是多样的,对于利益相关群体的探究是二者共同聚焦的;国内外共同聚焦于经济、社会、文化、生态四个方面的扶贫效应的研究;对于时空分异方面,国内外研究的方法比较相似,但是研究的尺度大小不一。未来应着重关注旅游扶贫的"政治、经济、社会、文化、生态"效应研究,贫困人口视角的扶贫效应及城市贫困、"返贫"等问题的研究。

The poverty alleviation effects of tourism has attracted widespread attention in China and many other countries since it is an important aspect in assessing the role of tourism in poverty alleviation. The literature relevant to the topic in the past 20 years are collected from databases like CNKI core journals, journals of CSSCI(China Social Science Citation Index) and Web of Science from 1997 to 2017. Cite Space software is applied to do keyword co-occurrence analysis on the retrieved data. The purpose is to reveal the hot topics in the field, and to discover the influencing factors, temporal and spatial differentiation, assessing index and methods of poverty alleviation effect of tourism. The study indicates the common hot topics in both Chinese and oversea research-the economic impact of tourism as poverty alleviation means, community participation, and sustainable development, but the other countries pay more attention to the livelihood and protection of diversity of the poor. The factors influencing the effect of tourism in poverty alleviation are diverse according to both China and other countries’ research, but both focus on the stakeholder groups in the tourism. The research in both China and other countries center on the alleviating effects of tourism in the four aspects as economy, society, culture and ecology. The study methods in temporal and spatial differentiation are similar, but the scale of the research are different in China and other countries. In the future, the research should be focused on the political, economic, social, cultural, and ecological effects of tourism in poverty alleviation, the poor people’s perspective, the urban poverty and the issue of returning to poverty.