产业集聚与中国企业出口决策——基于制度质量的视角

Industrial agglomeration and Chinese enterprises' export decision:based on the perspective of institutional quality

以制度质量为视角,构建产业集聚对中国企业出口决策影响的理论机制。同时采用中国工业企业数据库的微观数据,针对理论机制的三个研究假说进行验证。运用面板固定效应模型、工具变量方法以及Heckman选择模型对理论机制进行计量检验。研究结果表明:产业集聚促进企业出口的集约边际和扩展边际;产业集聚通过教育发展和金融发展对企业出口的二元边际产生积极的正向影响。通过对不同行业类型、不同窗口期样本以及不同企业所有制类型的计量检验发现,三种研究假说依然稳健。同时,对知识产权保护和法治建设的制度质量视角的进一步讨论,再次验证了产业集聚通过制度质量对企业出口的二元边际有重要影响。在对渠道进一步识别时发现,金融制度通过融资成本影响企业出口决策,教育制度通过企业的创新活动影响企业出口二元边际,因此,产业集聚通过金融制度与教育制度促进企业出口二元边际的微观渠道是企业融资成本与企业创新活动。

The paper constructs the theoretical mechanism of industrial agglomeration on Chinese enterprises’ exports from the perspective of institutional quality. At the same time,the China Industrial Enterprise Database from 2000 to 2008 was used to verify the three research hypotheses of the theoretical mechanism. The panel mechanism is tested by the panel fixed effect model, the instrumental variable method and the Heckman selection model. The research finds that industrial agglomeration promotes the intensive margin and expansion margin of enterprise exports;industrial agglomeration has a positive impact on the binary margin of enterprise exports through educational development and financial development. The three research hypotheses are still robust through the measurement of different industry types,different window samples and types of business ownership. At the same time,further discussion on the institutional quality perspective of intellectual property protection and rule of law construction reaffirms that industrial agglomeration has an important impact on the binary margin of enterprise exports through institutional quality. Further identification of the channel reveals that the financial system affects the export decision of the enterprise through the financing cost,and the education system affects the binary margin of the enterprise’s export through the innovation activities of the enterprise. The micro-channels of promoting enterprise export binary margin of industrial agglomeration through the financial system and education system are corporate financing costs and corporate innovation activities.