类器官的应用研究进展

Advances in the application of organoid

类器官是利用干细胞的自我更新和分化能力,在体外培养形成的一种微小组织器官类似物,在很大程度上具有体内相应器官的功能。迄今为止,在3D培养条件下,已经成功培养出多种类器官如肺、胃、肠、肝和肾等类器官。它们不仅可作为组织器官的替代品用于药物和临床研究,还可用于体内器官移植。本文综述了类器官在药物毒性检测、药效评价和新药筛选中的作用以及利用类器官建立疾病模型、研究组织器官发育和类器官在精准医疗、再生医学中的价值。

Organoid is a kind of tiny tissue mimic cultured in vitro by employing self- renew and differentiation abilities of stem cells.It has functions of its counterpart organ in vivo. So far, various organoids have been developed such as lung, gastric, intestinal, liver and kidney organoids under three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions. They are not only as alternatives of tissues or organs which can be exploited for drug development and clinical research, but also for organ transplantation. In this review, we recapitulate the roles of organoid in toxicity testing, drug evaluation and screening as well as in establishing disease model and in study of tissue development. Furthermore, we descreibe the use of organoid in precision medicine and regeneration medicine.